Nokea
The nurse is orienting a new nurse to the oncology unit. When reviewing the safe administration of antineoplastic agents, what action should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Adjust the dose to the patient's present symptoms
- B. Wash hands with an alcohol-based cleanser following administration
- C. Use gloves and a lab coat when preparing the medication
- D. Dispose of the antineoplastic wastes in the hazardous waste receptacle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antineoplastics are hazardous proper disposal in designated receptacles is critical to protect staff, patients, and the environment from toxic exposure. Gloves and gowns are standard for prep, but the question stresses one action, and disposal trumps as a universal safety net. Dosing's fixed by protocol, not symptoms tweaking's dangerous. Alcohol-based cleansers don't cut it post-exposure; soap and water are needed pre- and post-handling to remove residue. Emphasizing disposal aligns with OSHA and oncology nursing standards, ensuring chemo waste (e.g., IV bags, syringes) doesn't leak into regular trash, a key lesson for newbies in this high-stakes field.
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A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer is scheduled for a partial mastectomy. The oncology nurse explained that the surgeon will want to take tissue samples to ensure the disease has not spread to adjacent axillary lymph nodes. The patient has asked if she will have her lymph nodes dissected, like her mother did several years ago. What alternative to lymph node dissection will this patient most likely undergo?
- A. Lymphadenectomy
- B. Needle biopsy
- C. Open biopsy
- D. Sentinel node biopsy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) is the modern go-to less invasive than old-school dissection (lymphadenectomy), it maps the first lymph node cancer hits, sparing arm swelling (lymphedema) if clean. Needle or open biopsies are less targeted, more for diagnosis than staging here. SLNB's standard for breast cancer now, checking spread without ripping out nodes like her mom's era. Nurses in oncology highlight this shift less trauma, same intel easing her fears with precision care.
A 60-year-old patient with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this patient's subsequent plan of care?
- A. Limit the time that visitors spend at the patient's bedside
- B. Teach the patient to perform all aspects of basic care independently
- C. Assign male nurses to the patient's care whenever possible
- D. Situate the patient in a shared room with other patients receiving brachytherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HDR implants (brachytherapy) emit radiation limiting visitor time (e.g., 30 min) cuts exposure risk. Self-care's nice but not safety-driven. Gender's irrelevant pregnant staff avoid, not males. Shared rooms up exposure, not safety. Nurses in oncology enforce this, shielding others while the source's active, a radiation rule of thumb.
A 50-year-old man diagnosed with leukemia will begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?
- A. Administer an antiemetic
- B. Administer an antimetabolite
- C. Administer a tumor antibiotic
- D. Administer an anticoagulant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemo's nastiest duo nausea and vomiting strike most patients, triggered by gut and brain reactions to drugs like cyclophosphamide. Antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron) preempt this, keeping patients eating and hydrated, a frontline move in oncology. Antimetabolites (like methotrexate) and tumor antibiotics (like doxorubicin) are chemo agents, not side-effect fixes. Anticoagulants dodge clots, not nausea. Nurses prioritize this relief, knowing it's the biggest hurdle to treatment tolerance.
Which of the following clients would not be a candidate for thrombolytic therapy?
- A. Client with a pulse of 102 beats/minute
- B. Client with a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg
- C. Client with a history of hemorrhagic stroke one month ago
- D. Client age 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thrombolytics bust clots but bleed big hemorrhagic stroke history, even a month back, bans them, as re-bleed risk soars, a firm no-go. Tachycardia, low BP, or age 65 don't nix it BP's workable, age isn't a cutoff. Nurses screen this, dodging brain bleeds, a safety lock in this clot-dissolving call.
Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
- A. Cannot be changed
- B. Requires intervention in order to change
- C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
- D. Can be changed with client perseverance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors age, genes stay put, no tweak possible, a chronic base nurses work around. Intervention, alteration, or grit shift smoking or weight, not these locks. Knowing what's fixed guides focus elsewhere, a bedrock truth in illness planning.