Nokea
The nurse is outlining the female internal reproductive structures on a diagram. Where on the diagram would the nurse highlight the typical site of ovum fertilization?
- A. The nurse would highlight the uterus.
- B. The nurse would highlight the cervix.
- C. The nurse would highlight the fallopian tube.
- D. The nurse would highlight the ovaries.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse would highlight the fallopian tubes as the site of ovum fertilization. Once fertilized, the fertilized egg moves to the uterus for implantation. The cervix is the lower, narrowed neck portion leading to the center of the uterus. The ovaries release the ovum, which is swept into the fallopian tubes.
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The nurse is completing community education when asked by a client without health insurance why a mammogram is needed if the women are completing breast self-examinations at home. The nurse is most correct to respond stating which of the following?
- A. Mammograms are just better.
- B. Mammograms can detect cysts or tumors too small to palpate.
- C. Mammograms provide a baseline that shows changes in breast tissue.
- D. Mammograms provide a reassurance that the breast is free of cancer.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During community instruction, it is most important to relay facts in a clear, factual, and nonjudgmental way. Stating the need for mammograms to detect small cysts or tumors is clear and factual. Stating that mammograms are 'better' is vague and provides no better understanding. Although a mammogram does provide a baseline and reassurance of breast health, the most clear and factual reason why the mammogram is completed is its ability to detect cancerous tumors at an early stage.
A nurse is employed by a fertility clinic. Diagnostic testing is being completed to determine the source of the male not producing viable sperm to enable ovum fertilization. Which male structures does the nurse consider if the problem is narrowed to sperm survivability?
- A. Bartholin glands
- B. Prostate gland
- C. Cowper glands
- D. Vas deferens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The accessory structure of the prostate gland contains secretory cells that produce alkaline fluid. The prostatic fluid mixes with sperm. The alkalinity of the prostatic fluid neutralizes the acidic metabolic wastes released by the sperm and counteracts the acid pH within the vagina to ensure mass survival of the sperm. The Cowper glands add lubrication for penetration of the vagina.
The nurse is instructing a couple in the early stages of infertility testing who has just found that the male has a slightly low sperm count. Which easy change can a nurse suggest to a male client?
- A. Avoid riding on motorcycles
- B. Wear loose fitting underwear instead of tight ones.
- C. Take a general multivitamin.
- D. Increase sexual intercourse to every day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wearing loose fitting underwear allows the scrotum to pull the testes closer to the body to maintain proper temperature for sperm production or allow the testes to be farther from the body. Because the testes cannot produce viable sperm when temperatures are at or above body temperature, their location within the scrotal sac ensures optimal conditions. There is no evidence that the client cannot ride motorcycles. Taking a general multivitamin is encouraged for overall health. Daily sexual intercourse is not encouraged because it is most important to have sufficient sperm present during a female's ovulation period.
A parent of an adolescent female is asking the nurse for guidelines of when the daughter should have her first Papanicolaou test (Pap test) and then the subsequent frequency. The nurse is most correct to state which?
- A. The first Pap test should be at age 16 years and then annually thereafter.
- B. The first Pap test should be no later than 18 years of age and then every other year afterward.
- C. The first Pap test should be between 25 and 29 years and then every 3 years afterward.
- D. The first Pap test should be within the first year of menstruation and annually afterward.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends no testing/screenings for women aged 21 to 24 years. Women between the ages of 25 and 29 years have the recommendation for HPV testing to be every 5 years (preferred), the HPV/Pap co-test every 5 years (acceptable), or the Pap test every 3 years (acceptable).
A nurse is caring for a client following a culdoscopy. Which assessment data would the licensed practical nurse report to the registered nurse?
- A. Pain level of 7 on the 0-to-10 pain scale
- B. Skin, cold, pulse, 110 beat/minute, blood pressure, 104/64 mm Hg
- C. Dark drainage noted on surgical pad
- D. Fleshy smell noted to perineal region
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Culdoscopy is performed to visualize the uterus, broad ligaments, and fallopian tubes. An endoscope is inserted through a small incision made in the posterior vaginal wall. Afterward, the nurse must observe for signs of internal bleeding and shock. A client with cold and clammy skin, a rapid pulse, and low blood pressure indicates shock and the need to consult the registered nurse and even the physician. All of the other symptoms are able to be addressed by the licensed practical nurse. The client is to be medicated. Dark drainage and a fleshy smell to the perineal area are normal for old surgical drainage.