foundation of nursing practice questions

foundation of nursing practice questions Related

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The nurse is part of the health care team at an oncology center. A patient has been diagnosed with leukemia and the prognosis is poor, but the patient is not yet aware of the prognosis. How can the bad news best be conveyed to the patient?

  • A. Family should be given the prognosis first.
  • B. The prognosis should be delivered with the patient at eye level.
  • C. The physician should deliver the news to the patient alone.
  • D. The appointment should be scheduled at the end of the day.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When delivering bad news to a patient, it is important to create an environment that is supportive, compassionate, and conducive to effective communication. Having the patient at eye level when discussing difficult information helps to establish a sense of equality and respect between the healthcare provider and the patient. This can increase the patient's comfort level and help them feel more connected and engaged in the conversation. Additionally, eye level communication allows for better non-verbal cues to be exchanged, such as eye contact and facial expressions, which are important for conveying empathy and understanding during such sensitive discussions. It is crucial for the patient to be met at eye level, both physically and emotionally, when discussing a poor prognosis like the diagnosis of leukemia.

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The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a mastoidectomy. In an effort to prevent postoperative infection, what intervention should the nurse implement?

  • A. Teach the patient about the risks of ototoxic medications.
  • B. Instruct the patient to protect the ear from water for several weeks.
  • C. Teach the patient to remove cerumen safely at least once per week.
  • D. Instruct the patient to protect the ear from temperature extremes until healing is complete.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: After a mastoidectomy, the ear should be protected from water for several weeks. This is because exposing the area to water can increase the risk of infection. Keeping the ear dry allows the surgical site to heal properly and reduces the likelihood of postoperative complications such as infection. Therefore, instructing the patient to protect the ear from water is an important intervention to prevent postoperative infection following a mastoidectomy.

A patient is on a full liquid diet. Which food item choice by the patient will cause the nurse to intervene?

  • A. Custard
  • B. Frozen yogurt
  • C. Pureed vegetables
  • D. Mashed potatoes and gravy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mashed potatoes and gravy are not appropriate for a full liquid diet. A full liquid diet consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature or melt into liquid form at body temperature. Mashed potatoes and gravy are not in liquid form and therefore should not be consumed by a patient following a full liquid diet. The nurse should intervene and provide education about the correct food choices allowed on a full liquid diet, such as custard, frozen yogurt, and pureed vegetables.

A patients rapid cancer metastases have prompted a shift from active treatment to palliative care. When planning this patients care, the nurse should identify what primary aim?

  • A. To prioritize emotional needs
  • B. To prevent and relieve suffering
  • C. To bridge between curative care and hospice care
  • D. To provide care while there is still hope
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary aim when transitioning a patient with rapid cancer metastases from active treatment to palliative care is to prevent and relieve suffering. Palliative care focuses on enhancing quality of life, managing symptoms, and addressing physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. By prioritizing the prevention and relief of suffering, healthcare providers can work towards improving the patient's comfort and overall well-being during this difficult time. This approach aligns with the goals of palliative care, which aim to provide holistic support and care for patients facing serious illnesses like cancer.

You are caring for an adult patient who has developed a mild oral yeast infection following chemotherapy. What actions should you encourage the patient to perform? Select all that apply.

  • A. Use a lip lubricant.
  • B. Scrub the tongue with a firm-bristled toothbrush.
  • C. Use dental floss every 24 hours.
  • D. Rinse the mouth with normal saline. E) Eat spicy food to aid in eradicating the yeast.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A. Using a lip lubricant can help keep the lips moist and prevent further irritation caused by the yeast infection.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has terminal lung cancer and is unconscious. Which assessment finding would most clearly indicate to the nurse that the patients death is imminent?

  • A. Mottling of the lower limbs
  • B. Slow, steady pulse
  • C. Bowel incontinence
  • D. Increased swallowing
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mottling of the lower limbs is a common physical sign seen in patients approaching death. This occurs when there is poor circulation leading to a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin, particularly on the extremities. The appearance of mottling indicates that the body is no longer able to maintain adequate blood flow to the extremities, signaling that the patient is in the final stages of life. It is a significant finding that strongly suggests imminent death in patients with terminal illness, such as in this case of a patient with terminal lung cancer who is unconscious.

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