Nokea
The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment for a client whose right leg muscles exhibit no tone and are limp. Which descriptor should the nurse use to document this condition?
- A. Flaccid
- B. Spastic
- C. Atonic
- D. Atrophic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term flaccid describes muscles that have no tone or are limp. Spastic describes muscles that have greater-than-normal tone. Atonic describes muscles that are not enervated and become soft and flabby. Atrophic describes muscles deterioration that occurs with lack of use and exercise.
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A nurse is caring for a client with an undiagnosed bone disease. When instructing on the normal process to maintain bone tissue, which process transforms osteoblasts into mature bone cells?
- A. Remodelling
- B. Resorption
- C. Ossification and calcification
- D. Epiphyses and diaphysis formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ossification and calcification transform osteoblasts into mature bone cells called osteocytes. Osteocytes are involved in maintaining bone tissue. Resorption and remodelling are involved in bone destruction. Epiphyses and diaphysis are bone tissues that provide strength and support to the human skeleton.
The client who is about to undergo arthroscopy of the knee begins to describe the procedure to the nurse. What statement(s) indicate to the nurse that the client understands the procedure?
- A. This procedure does not require an anesthetic.
- B. A needle will be inserted into the joint space.
- C. A special scan may be done to verify the placement of the needle.
- D. Fluid is taken from the joint for laboratory analysis.
- E. It is normal to hear crackling or clicking noises in the joint for about a week after the procedure.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: If the client describes the procedure as one in which a needle is inserted into the joint space, with a special scan possibly being done to verify needle placement, to take fluid from the joint for laboratory analysis, the nurse can confirm that the client understands the arthroscopy procedure. Before the procedure, the provider first injects a local anesthetic. The client should expect the crackling or clicking noises to resolve after 2 days. Noises beyond this time are abnormal, the client should report them.
The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a fractured hip. The nurse would suggest that the client increase intake of what to facilitate calcium absorption from food and supplement?
- A. Amino acids
- B. Vitamin B6
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Dairy products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must advise a client recovering from a fractured hip to increase the intake of vitamin D because it protects against bone loss and decreases the risk of recurring fracture by facilitating calcium absorption from food and supplements. Amino acids and vitamin B6, although important, do not facilitate the absorption of calcium. Dairy products also do not facilitate the absorption of calcium; however, the exception to this is vitamin D-fortified milk.
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a health class about ways to ensure bone health, including the need for an adequate calcium intake. The participants are high school-aged girls. The nurse would encourage them to consume adequate calcium to maximize peak bone mass by which age?
- A. 20 years
- B. 30 years
- C. 40 years
- D. 50 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peak bone mass is attained sometime around 30 years of age. An adequate calcium intake before that time helps to maximize peak bone mass. This would result in denser bones that would be less susceptible to fracture. Bone mass begins to decrease after age 30.
A client experiences a musculoskeletal injury that involves the structure that connects a muscle to the bone. The nurse understands that this injury involves which structure?
- A. Ligament
- B. Tendon
- C. Cartilage
- D. Joint
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tendons are cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone. Ligaments consisting of fibrous tissue connect two adjacent, freely movable bones. Cartilage is a firm dense type of connective tissue that reduces friction between articular surfaces, absorbs shock, and reduces the stress on joint surfaces. A joint is the junction between 2 or more bones.