Nokea
The nurse is performing a shift assessment of a patient with aldosteronism. What assessments should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
- A. Urine output
- B. Signs or symptoms of venous thromboembolism
- C. Peripheral pulses
- D. Blood pressure
- E. Skin integrity
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The principal action of aldosterone is to conserve body sodium. Alterations in aldosterone levels consequently affect urine output and BP. The patients peripheral pulses, risk of VTE, and skin integrity are not typically affected.
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A patient who has been taking corticosteroids for several months has been experiencing muscle wasting. The patient has asked the nurse for suggestions to address this adverse effect. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Activity limitation to conserve energy
- B. Consumption of a high-protein diet
- C. Use of OTC vitamin D and calcium supplements
- D. Passive range-of-motion exercises
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Muscle wasting can be partly addressed through increased protein intake. Passive ROM exercises maintain flexibility, but do not build muscle mass. Vitamin D and calcium supplements do not decrease muscle wasting. Activity limitation would exacerbate the problem.
A patient with thyroid cancer has undergone surgery and a significant amount of parathyroid tissue has been removed. The nurse caring for the patient should prioritize what question when addressing potential complications?
- A. Do you feel any muscle twitches or spasms?
- B. Do you feel flushed or sweaty?
- C. Are you experiencing any dizziness or lightheadedness?
- D. Are you having any pain that seems to be radiating from your bones?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: As the blood calcium level falls, hyperirritability of the nerves occurs, with spasms of the hands and feet and muscle twitching. This is characteristic of hypoparathyroidism. Flushing, diaphoresis, dizziness, and pain are atypical signs of the resulting hypocalcemia.
A patient with hypofunction of the adrenal cortex has been admitted to the medical unit. What would the nurse most likely find when assessing this patient?
- A. Increased body temperature
- B. Jaundice
- C. Copious urine output
- D. Decreased BP
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreased BP may occur with hypofunction of the adrenal cortex. Decreased function of the adrenal cortex does not affect the patients body temperature, urine output, or skin tone.
The nurse is planning the care of a patient with hyperthyroidism. What should the nurse specify in the patients meal plan?
- A. A clear liquid diet, high in nutrients
- B. Small, frequent meals, high in protein and calories
- C. Three large, bland meals a day
- D. A diet high in fiber and plant-sourced fat
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A patient with hyperthyroidism has an increased appetite. The patient should be counseled to consume several small, well-balanced meals. High-calorie, high-protein foods are encouraged. A clear liquid diet would not satisfy the patients caloric or hunger needs. A diet rich in fiber and fat should be avoided because these foods may lead to GI upset or increase peristalsis.
The nurse is teaching a patient that the body needs iodine for the thyroid to function. What food would be the best source of iodine for the body?
- A. Eggs
- B. Shellfish
- C. Table salt
- D. Red meat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The major use of iodine in the body is by the thyroid. Iodized table salt is the best source of iodine.