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The nurse is planning a home visit for a client with hepatitis. In order to prevent transmission the nurse should focus teaching on:
- A. Proper food handling.
- B. Insulin syringe disposal.
- C. Alpha-interferon.
- D. Use of condoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatitis B and C are transmitted via body fluids, so condom use (D) prevents sexual transmission. Food handling (A) is more relevant for hepatitis A. Syringe disposal (B) applies to needle-sharing risks, and alpha-interferon (C) is treatment, not prevention.
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The 'I Can Cope,' 'CanSurmount,' and 'Reach to Recovery' programs are all designed to help cancer clients:
- A. Choose treatment centers.
- B. Find financial help.
- C. Obtain home health care.
- D. Cope with cancer.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These programs are designed to provide emotional and practical support to help cancer clients cope with their diagnosis and treatment.
When teaching a client with heart failure about preventing complications and future hospitalizations, which problems stated by the client as reasons to call the physician would indicate to the nurse that the client has understood the teaching? Select all that apply.
- A. Becoming increasingly short of breath at rest.
- B. Weight gain of 2 lb or more in 1 day.
- C. High intake of sodium for breakfast.
- D. Having to sleep sitting up in a reclining chair.
- E. Weight loss of 2 lb in 1 day.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Shortness of breath at rest (A), weight gain of 2 lb or more in 1 day (B), and sleeping sitting up (D) indicate worsening heart failure, requiring physician notification.
The nurse is providing education to a client who is prescribed terbinafine for onychomycosis affecting the toenails. Which statements by the client demonstrate understanding regarding the teaching about terbinafine? Select all that apply.
- A. Following a successful course of treatment, my chance of getting cured is 90%.
- B. I will have to take terbinafine for 3 to 6 months.
- C. I will need liver function tests before starting terbinafine.
- D. I will take this on an empty stomach to help improve its absorption.
- E. It may cause taste or vision changes, so I will report vision changes to my doctor.
- F. Dark urine, pale stools, and persistent nausea may indicate a serious side effect.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Choice B is correct; terbinafine treatment for toenail onychomycosis typically lasts 3-6 months. Choice C is correct; liver function tests are required before and during treatment due to the risk of hepatotoxicity. Choice E is correct; terbinafine can cause taste or vision changes, and vision changes should be reported. Choice A is incorrect; the cure rate is approximately 70-80%, not 90%. Choice D is incorrect; terbinafine can be taken with or without food, and an empty stomach is not required. Choice F is correct; dark urine, pale stools, and nausea may indicate liver toxicity, a serious side effect.
The nurse is preparing to administer ear drops to a client who is six years old. The nurse should perform which action?
- A. Pull the ear pinna down and back
- B. Position the client on their side with the ear to be treated against a pillow
- C. Pull the ear pinna up and back
- D. Place cotton directly into the ear canal after ear drop administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For children over 3 years, pulling the ear pinna up and back straightens the ear canal for proper administration.
As an initial step in treating a client with angina, the physician prescribes nitroglycerin tablets, 0.3 mg given sublingually. This drug's principal effects are produced by:
- A. Antispasmodic effects on the pericardium.
- B. Causing an increased myocardial oxygen demand.
- C. Vasodilation of peripheral vasculature.
- D. Improved conductivity in the myocardium.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation of peripheral and coronary vasculature, reducing preload and myocardial oxygen demand, relieving angina.