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The nurse is planning a staff development program related to infection control. Which of the following precautions should the nurse indicate as essential when caring for clients with hepatitis A?
- A. Gowning when entering a client's room.
- B. Wearing a mask when providing care.
- C. Assigning the client to a private room.
- D. Wearing gloves when giving direct care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatitis A is fecal-oral transmitted, so gloves (D) are essential during direct care to prevent contact with contaminated materials. Gowns (A), masks (B), and private rooms (C) are not required.
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Which of the following client statements identifies a knowledge deficit about cast care?
- A. I'll elevate the cast above my heart initially.'
- B. I'll exercise my joints above and below the cast.'
- C. I can pull out cast padding to scratch inside the cast.'
- D. I'll apply ice for 10 minutes to control edema for the first 24 hours.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulling out cast padding can cause skin irritation or pressure sores, indicating a knowledge deficit.
A 58-year-old male is going to have chemotherapy for lung cancer. He asks the nurse how the chemotherapeutic drugs will work. The most accurate explanation the nurse can give is which of the following?
- A. Immunotherapy affects all rapidly dividing cells.
- B. The molecular structure of the DNA is altered.
- C. Cancer cells are susceptible to drug toxins.
- D. Chemotherapy encourages cancer cells to divide.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapy often works by altering the DNA structure of cancer cells, inhibiting their ability to replicate and leading to cell death.
In developing a teaching plan for the client with a hiatal hernia, the nurse's assessment of which work-related factors would be most useful?
- A. Number and length of breaks.
- B. Body mechanics used in lifting.
- C. Temperature in the work area.
- D. Cleaning solvents used.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Poor body mechanics during lifting can increase intra-abdominal pressure, exacerbating hiatal hernia symptoms, making this the most relevant work-related factor.
The nurse should tell the client to do which of the following when teaching the client about taking oral glucocorticoids?
- A. Take your medication with a full glass of water.'
- B. Take your medication on an empty stomach.'
- C. Take your medication at bedtime to increase absorption.'
- D. Take your medication with meals or with an antacid.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking glucocorticoids with meals or an antacid reduces gastrointestinal irritation, a common side effect.
Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the expected course of Ménière'sdisease?
- A. The disease process will gradually extend to the eyes.
- B. Control of the episodes is usually possible, but a cure is not yet available.
- C. Continued medication therapy will cure the disease.
- D. Bilateral deafness is an inevitable outcome of the disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ménière'sdisease is a chronic condition with no cure, but episodes can often be managed with medications, diet, and lifestyle changes, though hearing loss may progress over time.