Nokea
The nurse is planning care for a patient during the fourth stage of labor. Which interventions should the nurse plan to implement? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Offer the patient a warm blanket.
- B. Place an ice pack on the perineum.
- C. Massage the uterus if it is boggy.
- D. Delay breastfeeding until the patient is reste
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Offer the patient a warm blanket. In the fourth stage of labor, the mother experiences postpartum hemorrhage risk due to uterine atony. Keeping the patient warm helps prevent hypothermia, which can lead to increased bleeding. Ice packs (B) are not indicated as they can cause vasoconstriction and inhibit proper blood flow. Massaging the uterus (C) is appropriate in the third stage of labor to prevent hemorrhage but not in the fourth stage. Delaying breastfeeding (D) is incorrect as early breastfeeding promotes uterine contractions, reducing the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
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Which woman is the best candidate for a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC)?
- A. A 34-year-old gravida 2, para 1 with one previous classical cesarean section for prematurity
- B. A 21-year-old gravida 2, para 1 with one previous low-transverse cesarean section for CPD
- C. A 31-year-old gravida 4, para 2 with one previous low-transverse cesarean section for late decelerations
- D. A 27-year-old gravida 3, para 2 with one previous T-shaped incision for macrosomia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A 21-year-old gravida 2, para 1 with one previous low-transverse cesarean section for CPD. This candidate is the best choice for a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) because a low-transverse incision has the lowest risk of uterine rupture during labor compared to classical, T-shaped, or vertical incisions. Additionally, the indication for the previous cesarean section being cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) suggests that the pelvis may have been the limiting factor in the previous delivery, making a TOLAC a reasonable option. The other choices have higher risks of uterine rupture (classical incision, T-shaped incision) or indications that may increase the likelihood of complications during TOLAC (prematurity, late decelerations).
A 28-year-old gravida 1, para 0 patient who is at term calls the labor and birth unit stating that she thinks she is in labor. She states that she does have some vaginal discharge and feels wet;
- A. She relates a contraction pattern that is irregular, ranging from 5 to 7 minutes and lasting 30 seconds. Which questions should the nurse pose to the patient during this telephone triage? (Select all that apply.)
- B. Does she think that her membranes have ruptured?
- C. Is there any evidence of bloody show?
- D. Instruct the patient to keep monitoring her contraction pattern and call you back if they become more regular.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient's irregular contraction pattern and timing indicate early labor. The nurse should ask about the frequency, duration, and intensity of contractions to assess progression. Choices B and C focus on specific signs of labor but do not address the need for continuous monitoring and assessment like choice A does. Choice D does not address the need to gather specific information about the contraction pattern to determine the appropriate next steps. Therefore, A is the correct choice as it directly addresses the patient's current situation and provides guidance on what information is necessary for appropriate triage.
When does the active phase of labor begin according to ACOG?
- A. 6 cm
- B. 3 cm
- C. 5 cm
- D. 10 cm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The active phase of labor according to ACOG begins at 6 cm dilation. At this point, contractions become stronger and more frequent, leading to faster cervical dilation. This stage signifies significant progress towards delivery. Choice B (3 cm) is incorrect as it falls within the early phase of labor. Choice C (5 cm) is also incorrect as it is near the beginning of the active phase but not the specific transition point. Choice D (10 cm) is incorrect as it marks full dilation and the transition to the second stage of labor.
A fetus is positioned in a longitudinal lie with its head in the fundus with both hips and knees flexed. Which presentation is this known as?
- A. Frank breech
- B. Complete breech
- C. Vertex
- D. Transverse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Complete breech. In this presentation, the fetus is positioned with hips and knees flexed, and the head is in the fundus. This is different from a Frank breech where the hips are flexed but the knees are extended. Vertex presentation refers to the head being down and Transverse presentation is when the fetus is lying horizontally. In this case, the description matches the characteristics of a complete breech presentation, making it the correct answer.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a person who was evaluated for possible labor. How does the nurse explain how losing the mucus plug could be a sign of impending labor?
- A. The mucus plug starts to be expelled due to increased estrogen before contractions begin.
- B. The mucus plug is expelled after the membranes rupture during labor.
- C. Effacement and dilation of the cervix decrease the area where the mucus plug sits.
- D. Labor is unable to begin until the mucus plug is expelled and creates a space for the fetus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Increased estrogen levels lead to softening of the cervix, causing the mucus plug to be expelled.
2. Contractions usually start after the mucus plug is expelled, not before.
3. The mucus plug is typically expelled before the membranes rupture.
4. Effacement and dilation of the cervix prepare the body for labor but are not directly related to the expulsion of the mucus plug.
In summary, Choice A is correct as increased estrogen leads to the expulsion of the mucus plug, indicating impending labor. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately explain the relationship between the mucus plug and impending labor.