jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank

jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank Related

Review jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank related questions and content

The nurse is planning health education for a 65-year-old woman who has had a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and is aphasic. Which of the following is most important to use when assessing mental health in this situation?

  • A. Please count back from 100 by sevens.
  • B. I will name three items and ask you to repeat them in a few minutes.
  • C. Please point to articles in the room and parts of the body as I name them.
  • D. What would you do if you found a stamped, addressed envelope on the sidewalk?
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Please point to articles in the room and parts of the body as I name them. This is the most important assessment for mental health in an aphasic patient post-stroke because it evaluates their comprehension, communication abilities, and cognitive function. Pointing to articles and body parts demonstrates understanding and ability to follow instructions, which are crucial aspects of mental health assessment in this context.

A: Please count back from 100 by sevens - This choice involves memory and mathematical abilities, which may not accurately assess mental health in an aphasic patient.

B: I will name three items and ask you to repeat them in a few minutes - This choice tests memory recall, which is not as relevant for assessing mental health in an aphasic patient post-stroke.

D: What would you do if you found a stamped, addressed envelope on the sidewalk? - This choice assesses problem-solving skills, which may not be the most appropriate indicator of mental health in an aphasic patient.

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A family who immigrated to Canada 3 months ago has come to the clinic to see the nurse practitioner. One of the parents has found work, but not in his fielThe other parent has not been able to find a joThis family of five is living in a one-bedroom apartment. The nurse practitioner is aware that the health of new immigrants is:

  • A. negatively affected, as a result of many contributing factors.
  • B. positively affected by having access to modern urban hospitals.
  • C. unlikely to change without help from government programs.
  • D. improved by employment and stable housing.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: New immigrants face many challenges such as language barriers, cultural differences, lack of social support, and limited access to healthcare.
Step 2: These factors can negatively impact their health by causing stress, mental health issues, and difficulties in accessing healthcare services.
Step 3: Employment and stable housing are important factors for immigrants' health, but they alone may not address the broader issues affecting their well-being.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the health of new immigrants is indeed negatively affected by a combination of contributing factors beyond just employment and housing.

A nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of hypertension and reports a new onset of headaches, nausea, and dizziness. The nurse should be most concerned about which of the following?

  • A. Hypertensive crisis.
  • B. Migraine headache.
  • C. Benign positional vertigo.
  • D. Tension headache.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertensive crisis. The nurse should be most concerned about this option because the patient has a history of hypertension and is experiencing new onset symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and dizziness, which could indicate a sudden and severe increase in blood pressure. This condition, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications such as stroke or heart attack.

Summary:
- B: Migraine headache is unlikely as the symptoms described are not typical of a migraine.
- C: Benign positional vertigo is unlikely as it does not explain the presence of headaches and nausea.
- D: Tension headache is less concerning compared to hypertensive crisis, given the patient's history of hypertension and the severity of symptoms.

A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of diabetes. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?

  • A. Hypoglycemia.
  • B. Hyperkalemia.
  • C. Hypotension.
  • D. Hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes are at risk for high blood sugar levels, leading to hyperglycemia. This can result in various complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. The nurse should monitor the patient's blood glucose levels regularly to prevent these serious complications.

Explanation for incorrect choices:
A: Hypoglycemia - While hypoglycemia is a concern for diabetic patients, hyperglycemia is a more common and immediate risk.
B: Hyperkalemia - While hyperkalemia can occur in some diabetic patients, hyperglycemia is a more common and primary concern.
C: Hypotension - While diabetic patients can experience hypotension, hyperglycemia poses a more immediate threat to their health.

A patient often seems to have difficulty coming up with the right words. He says, "I was on my way to work, and when I got there, the thing that you step into that goes up was so full that I decided to take the stairs.' The nurse will note on his chart that he is using or experiencing:

  • A. Blocking.
  • B. Neologism.
  • C. Circumlocution.
  • D. Circumstantiality.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Circumlocution. This patient is using circumlocution, which is a communication strategy where a person describes something in a roundabout way instead of using the specific word. In this case, the patient is describing an elevator as "the thing that you step into that goes up." This is a common feature of language difficulties seen in conditions like aphasia.

A: Blocking is when a person suddenly stops speaking in the middle of a sentence due to an inability to recall a word, which is not happening in this scenario.
B: Neologism is the creation of new words or phrases, which is not evident here.
D: Circumstantiality is a speech pattern where the person includes unnecessary details and goes off on tangents, which is not demonstrated in the patient's response.

To assess affect, the nurse should ask the patient:

  • A. How do you feel today?
  • B. Would you please repeat the following words?
  • C. Have these medications had any effect on your pain?
  • D. Has this pain affected your ability to dress yourself?
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct:
1. Asking "How do you feel today?" directly addresses the patient's emotional state.
2. Assessing affect involves understanding the patient's emotional response or mood.
3. This open-ended question encourages the patient to express their feelings.
4. It allows the nurse to gain insight into the patient's emotional well-being.
5. Options B, C, and D focus on different aspects like memory, medication effectiveness, and functional ability, not directly related to assessing affect.

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