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The nurse is planning to assess new memory with a patient. The best way to do this would be to:
- A. Administer the FACT test.
- B. Ask him to describe his first job to you.
- C. Give him the Four Unrelated Words Test.
- D. Ask him to describe the last TV show he watched before coming to the clinic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give him the Four Unrelated Words Test. This is the best way to assess new memory because it is a standardized test specifically designed to evaluate a patient's ability to form new memories. The test involves presenting the patient with four unrelated words and then asking them to recall those words after a delay. This test is reliable, valid, and widely used in clinical settings to assess new memory formation.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Administering the FACT test is not the best way to assess new memory as it is not specifically designed for this purpose.
B: Asking the patient to describe his first job does not directly evaluate new memory formation and may not provide a standardized assessment.
D: Asking the patient to describe the last TV show he watched does not focus on new memory and is not a standardized way to assess memory function.
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A patient is diagnosed with anemia. The nurse is educating the patient about dietary sources of iron. Which of the following foods is the best source of iron?
- A. Eggs.
- B. Spinach.
- C. Chicken liver.
- D. Oranges.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chicken liver. Chicken liver is the best source of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based foods like spinach or oranges. Eggs do contain iron, but in smaller amounts compared to chicken liver. Oranges, on the other hand, are a source of vitamin C which can enhance iron absorption but do not contain significant amounts of iron themselves.
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about insulin administration. Which of the following actions should the nurse emphasize to the patient?
- A. Store insulin at room temperature to prevent crystallization.
- B. Use insulin immediately after drawing it up into the syringe.
- C. Inject insulin into the same spot to avoid tissue damage.
- D. Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy. Rotating injection sites helps prevent the development of lipodystrophy, a condition characterized by the loss of fat tissue at the injection site. This is important for maintaining consistent insulin absorption and reducing the risk of injection site complications.
A: Storing insulin at room temperature is generally recommended, but it is not the most critical action for insulin administration.
B: Using insulin immediately after drawing it up is not necessary for all types of insulin and may not be feasible in all situations.
C: Injecting insulin into the same spot can lead to tissue damage and inconsistent insulin absorption, so it should be avoided.
A nurse is teaching a patient about managing chronic pain. Which of the following strategies should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Increasing activity to improve function.
- B. Using medications only when absolutely necessary.
- C. Implementing physical therapy and exercises.
- D. Using complementary therapies such as meditation and relaxation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Implementing physical therapy and exercises. This is crucial for managing chronic pain as it helps improve strength, flexibility, and overall function. Physical therapy can also address underlying issues contributing to pain. Choice A could worsen pain if not done appropriately. Choice B may be necessary but should not be the sole approach. Choice D can be beneficial but may not address the root cause of pain like physical therapy does.
A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I will monitor my blood pressure regularly.
- B. I will take my medication as prescribed.
- C. I can stop taking my medication if my blood pressure is normal.
- D. I will limit my alcohol intake and reduce sodium intake.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, as limiting alcohol and reducing sodium intake are crucial lifestyle modifications for managing hypertension. Alcohol can raise blood pressure, while excess sodium can increase fluid retention and elevate blood pressure. Monitoring blood pressure regularly (choice A) is important but alone does not indicate understanding of lifestyle modifications. Taking medication as prescribed (choice B) is essential but does not address lifestyle changes. Stopping medication if blood pressure is normal (choice C) is dangerous, as hypertension often requires ongoing treatment. In summary, choice D addresses key lifestyle modifications necessary for managing hypertension, while the other choices do not fully demonstrate understanding of proper management strategies.
The nurse is preparing to assess a hospitalized patient who is experiencing significant shortness of breath. How should the nurse proceed with the assessment?
- A. Examine only the body areas related to the problem for which the patient is hospitalized, and then do a complete assessment after the problem has been resolved.
- B. Perform a mini-database by examining the body areas directly related to the problem for which the patient is hospitalized.
- C. Consider this a normal finding, and proceed with the abdominal assessment.
- D. Examine the entire body to determine if the problem is linked to something else.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because when a patient is experiencing significant shortness of breath, the nurse should initially focus on assessing the areas directly related to the presenting problem to address the immediate issue. This approach allows for prompt intervention and treatment of the patient's acute condition. Once the patient's respiratory distress is managed, the nurse can then proceed with a complete assessment to identify any underlying or additional health issues. This stepwise approach ensures that the patient's urgent needs are met first before conducting a comprehensive assessment.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because:
B: Performing a mini-database by only examining body areas directly related to the problem may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and could overlook other potential health issues.
C: Dismissing significant shortness of breath as a normal finding and proceeding with an abdominal assessment is inappropriate and could delay necessary interventions for the respiratory distress.
D: Examining the entire body to determine if the problem is linked to something else is inefficient and