Nokea
The nurse is preparing a child for possible alopecia from chemotherapy. What information should the nurse include?
- A. Wearing hats or scarves is preferable to a wig.
- B. Expose head to sunlight to stimulate hair regrowth.
- C. Hair may have a slightly different color or texture when it regrows.
- D. Regrowth of hair usually begins 12 months after chemotherapy ends.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia may result in hair regrowing with a different color or texture. Children choose preferred head coverings, sunlight risks sunburn, and hair typically regrows within 3-6 months post-chemotherapy, not 12 months.
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An adolescent will receive a bone marrow transplant (BMT). The nurse should explain that the bone marrow will be administered by which method?
- A. Bone grafting
- B. Intravenous infusion
- C. Bone marrow injection
- D. Intraabdominal infusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bone marrow is administered via intravenous infusion, allowing stem cells to migrate to the recipient?s marrow for repopulation. Bone grafting, injection, or intraabdominal infusion are not used for BMT.
A school-age child with leukemia experienced severe nausea and vomiting when receiving chemotherapy for the first time. What is the most appropriate nursing action to prevent or minimize these reactions with subsequent treatments?
- A. Administer the chemotherapy between meals.
- B. Give an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins.
- C. Have the child bring favorite foods for snacks.
- D. Keep the child NPO (nothing by mouth) until nausea and vomiting subside.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administering an antiemetic like ondansetron before chemotherapy prevents anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Giving chemotherapy between meals doesn?t prevent nausea, favorite foods may cause aversions, and NPO status risks dehydration and discomfort.
The nurse is caring for a child receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. The childs granulocyte count is 600/mm3 and platelet count is 45,000/mm3. What oral care should the nurse recommend for this child?
- A. Rinsing mouth with water
- B. Daily toothbrushing and flossing
- C. Lemon glycerin swabs for cleansing
- D. Wiping teeth with moistened gauze or Toothettes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With granulocytes above 500/mm3 and platelets above 40,000/mm3, daily toothbrushing and flossing are safe and effective for oral hygiene. Water rinsing is inadequate, lemon glycerin swabs irritate and dry mucosa, and gauze/Toothettes are for lower counts.
What childhood cancer may demonstrate patterns of inheritance that suggest a familial basis?
- A. Leukemia
- B. Retinoblastoma
- C. Rhabdomyosarcoma
- D. Osteogenic sarcoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Retinoblastoma is inherited due to mutations in the retinoblastoma gene, promoting abnormal cell growth. Leukemia may involve chromosomal abnormalities like the Philadelphia chromosome, but not familial patterns. Rhabdomyosarcoma and osteogenic sarcoma lack evidence of familial inheritance.
Chemotherapeutic agents are classified according to what feature?
- A. Side effects
- B. Effectiveness
- C. Mechanism of action
- D. Route of administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents are classified by mechanism of action (e.g., antimetabolites block DNA synthesis). Side effects may be similar within classes but aren?t the basis for classification, effectiveness varies by cancer type and protocol, and route depends on pharmacokinetics.