Nokea
The nurse is preparing a lecture on opportunistic infections for immunocompromised individuals. Which of the following opportunistic conditions would be included as possible causes for increased hospital Admissions?
- A. Kaposi's sarcoma
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Toxoplasmosis
- D. Transesophageal fistula (TEF)
- E. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Kaposi's sarcoma, Tuberculosis, Toxoplasmosis, and CMV are opportunistic infections commonly associated with immunocompromised states, leading to increased hospitalizations.
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Which of the following opportunistic illnesses are a sign that a patient with HIV now has AIDS? Select all that apply.
- A. Stomach ulcers
- B. Symptomatic tuberculosis
- C. Toxoplasmosis of the brain
- D. Osteoporosis
- E. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Symptomatic tuberculosis, Toxoplasmosis of the brain, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are AIDS-defining conditions indicating advanced HIV disease.
The nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed acyclovir for newly diagnosed shingles. Which information would be the most important for the nurse to include?
- A. Take this medication 30 minutes before meals
- B. Continue taking this medication until the rash resolves
- C. If a dose is missed, take it with the next scheduled dose
- D. Increase fluid intake while taking this medication
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake helps prevent nephrotoxicity, a potential side effect of acyclovir, which can affect kidney function, especially in patients with shingles who may be dehydrated.
The nurse is conducting a continuing education course on hepatitis B. It would be appropriate for the nurse to identify which complications are associated with hepatitis B? Select all that apply.
- A. hypertension
- B. hepatocellular carcinoma
- C. liver cirrhosis
- D. ascites
- E. thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Hepatitis B can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, ascites, and thrombocytopenia due to chronic liver damage.
The nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which of the following conditions, if present in the client, should make the nurse concerned about the client developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
- A. Chronic, progressive visual loss
- B. Kaposi's sarcoma
- C. Wilms sarcoma
- D. Pulmonary tuberculosis
- E. Peripheral neuropathy
- F. Toxoplasma gondii
Correct Answer: B,D,F
Rationale: Kaposi's sarcoma, pulmonary tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii are AIDS-defining conditions indicating progression to AIDS.
The nurse is talking to a group of women about the dangers and ways of acquiring toxic shock syndrome (TSS). The nurse would mention that all of the following women have a high risk of acquiring TSS, except for:
- A. A teenage girl using an absorbent tampon.
- B. A 29-year-old woman using a cervical cap.
- C. A 31-year-old woman using a diaphragm.
- D. A 35-year-old woman using oral contraceptives.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oral contraceptives do not increase the risk of TSS, unlike tampons, cervical caps, and diaphragms, which can promote bacterial growth if left in place too long.