Nokea
The nurse is preparing an intravenous infusion of phenytoin (Dilantin) as prescribed by the physician for the client with seizures. Which of the following solutions will the nurse plan to use to dilute this medication?
- A. Dextrose 5%
- B. Lactated Ringer's solution
- C. Normal saline solution
- D. Dextrose 5% and half-normal saline (0.45%)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phenytoin (Dilantin) is known to be incompatible with dextrose solutions (such as dextrose 5% or dextrose 5% and half-normal saline). Therefore, the nurse would plan to use normal saline solution to dilute phenytoin in order to ensure medication effectiveness and prevent any potential adverse reactions. Lactated Ringer's solution is not commonly used for diluting phenytoin as normal saline solution is the preferred choice due to compatibility considerations.
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A nurse is planning a class on accident prevention for parents of toddlers. Which safety topic is the priority for this class?
- A. Appropriate use of car seat restraints
- B. Safety crossing the street
- C. Helmet use when riding a bicycle
- D. Poison control numbers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The safety topic that is the priority for the nurse's accident prevention class for parents of toddlers is the appropriate use of car seat restraints. Car accidents are one of the leading causes of injuries and deaths among children, and proper car seat usage is crucial in protecting toddlers during car rides. Following the guidelines for car seat installation and usage can significantly reduce the risk of injury or death in the event of a car accident. Therefore, ensuring that parents understand and implement proper car seat restraint practices is essential in promoting the safety of toddlers. While the other safety topics are also important, the risk of injury or death in car accidents is higher compared to other accidents for toddlers, making car seat safety a priority.
The clue to need a help for a child who does not respond to his or her name is by age of
- A. 6 months
- B. 8 months
- C. 10 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By 12 months, a child should respond to their name; if not, it may indicate a developmental concern.
Which of the following procedures does the nurse understand is used to correct otosclerosis?
- A. Myringotomy
- B. Mastoidectomy
- C. Myringoplasty
- D. Stapedectomy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Otosclerosis is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, particularly around the stapes bone. A stapedectomy is a surgical procedure performed to correct otosclerosis by removing the stapes bone and replacing it with a prosthesis. This surgery aims to improve hearing by restoring the movement of the ossicles in the middle ear. Myringotomy is a procedure involving an incision in the eardrum to drain fluid, mastoidectomy involves the removal of infected mastoid air cells, and myringoplasty is the surgical repair of a perforated eardrum, none of which address the specific issue of otosclerosis.
A 5 years old boy presents with joint swelling after minor trauma, mother gives history of prolonged bleeding from circumcision site. His platelets count is 170000, PT is 10 seconds and APTT is 60 seconds. What is most likely the diagnosis?
- A. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- B. Platelets function defect
- C. Von Willebrand disease
- D. Hemophilia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hemophilia is characterized by prolonged APTT with normal platelet count and PT, indicating a coagulation factor deficiency.
What clinical manifestation is included in toxic shock syndrome?
- A. Severe hypertension
- B. Subnormal temperature
- C. Erythematous macular rash
- D. Papular rash over extremities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Toxic shock syndrome is characterized by several clinical manifestations, including a diffuse erythematous macular rash. The rash typically appears early in the course of the illness and may be followed by desquamation (peeling of the skin). Other common symptoms of toxic shock syndrome include fever, hypotension, multi-organ dysfunction, headache, myalgia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe hypertension and subnormal temperature are not typically associated with toxic shock syndrome. Papular rash over extremities is not a classic manifestation of toxic shock syndrome.