Nokea
The nurse is preparing to administer an injection of monoclonal antibodies. Which additional drug will the nurse administer to minimize adverse reactions to the monoclonal antibodies?
- A. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- B. A benzodiazepine
- C. An opioid pain reliever
- D. A corticosteroid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The monoclonal antibodies such as basiliximab and daclizumab have a tendency to cause the allergy-like reaction known as cytokine release syndrome, which can be severe and even involve anaphylaxis. An injection of a corticosteroid, such as methylprednisolone, is recommended before the injection of monoclonal antibodies to avoid or alleviate this problem.
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A patient will be on a tacrolimus infusion after receiving a liver transplant. The order reads, 'Give 0.03 mg/kg/day as a continuous IV infusion.' The patient weighs 211 pounds, and the medication injection solution is available in a 5 mg/mL strength. Identify how many milliliters will the nurse draw up for this infusion. (Record answer using two decimal places.)
Correct Answer: 0.58 mL
Rationale: Convert pounds to kilograms: 211 ?· 2.2 = 95.91 kg. Calculate dose: 0.03 mg/kg/day ?? 95.91 kg = 2.8773 mg/day. Calculate volume: 2.8773 mg ?· 5 mg/mL = 0.57546 mL, rounded to 0.58 mL.
The nurse follows which procedures when giving intravenous (IV) cyclosporine? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Administering it as a single IV bolus injection to minimize adverse effects
- B. Using an infusion pump to administer this medication
- C. Monitoring the patient for potential delayed adverse effects, which may be severe
- D. Monitoring the patient closely for the first 30 minutes for severe adverse effects
- E. Checking blood levels periodically during cyclosporine therapy
- F. Performing frequent oral care during therapy
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F
Rationale: Cyclosporine is infused intravenously with an infusion pump, not as an IV bolus. Monitor the patient closely for the first 30 minutes for adverse effects, especially for allergic reactions, and monitor blood levels periodically to ensure therapeutic, not toxic, levels of the medication. Perform oral hygiene frequently to prevent dry mouth and subsequent infections.
A patient who has had a recent organ transplant is taking sirolimus as part of the immunosuppressant therapy. Today, the patient realized that a dose was missed, and it is now time for the next dose. Which action is appropriate?
- A. Just take the dose that is now due, not both doses.
- B. Take the missed dose of sirolimus along with the next dose that is due.
- C. Take half of the missed dose along with the current dose that is due.
- D. Contact the transplant physician for instructions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If a dose of sirolimus is missed, it should be taken as soon as the patient remembers, unless it is close to the time that the next dose is due. In this case, the patient must contact the transplant physician.
A patient is about to undergo a kidney transplant. She will be given an immunosuppressant drug before, during, and after surgery to minimize organ rejection. During the preoperative teaching session, which information will the nurse include about the medication therapy?
- A. Several days before the surgery, the medication will be administered orally.
- B. The oral doses need to be taken 1 hour before meals to maximize absorption.
- C. Mix the oral liquid with juice in a disposable Styrofoam cup just before administration.
- D. Intramuscular injections of the medication will be needed for several days.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Several days before transplant surgery, immunosuppressant drugs need to be taken by the oral route, if possible, to avoid intramuscular injections and the risk for infection caused by the injections. Avoid Styrofoam containers because the medication may adhere to the side of the container. These medications are taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset.
When monitoring a patient who is on immunosuppressant therapy with azathioprine, the nurse will monitor which laboratory results?
- A. Serum potassium levels
- B. White blood cell (leukocyte) count
- C. Red blood cell count
- D. Serum albumin levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukopenia is a potential adverse effect of azathioprine therapy, so white blood cells need to be monitored.