Pharmacology for LPN

Pharmacology for LPN Related

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The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous dose of potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. The nurse should monitor for which potential complication?

  • A. Hyperkalemia
  • B. Hypokalemia
  • C. Hypernatremia
  • D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When administering potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia, the nurse should monitor for hyperkalemia. Potassium chloride supplementation aims to increase potassium levels in individuals with hypokalemia. However, excessive administration can lead to hyperkalemia, which can be a serious and potentially life-threatening complication. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent this adverse outcome. Hypokalemia (Choice B) is the condition being treated, so it is not a complication of treatment. Hypernatremia (Choice C) refers to high sodium levels and is not directly related to the administration of potassium chloride. Hypercalcemia (Choice D) is an elevated calcium level and is not a common complication associated with potassium chloride administration in hypokalemia.

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The client is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) for heart failure. Which symptom would indicate digoxin toxicity?

  • A. Increased appetite
  • B. Yellow or blurred vision
  • C. Increased urination
  • D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Yellow or blurred vision can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. These visual disturbances are concerning as they indicate a potential adverse reaction to the medication. Recognizing this symptom promptly is crucial to prevent serious complications. Increased appetite, increased urination, and diarrhea are not typically associated with digoxin toxicity. Therefore, option B is the correct choice in this scenario.

A client with a history of hypertension is being discharged on a low-sodium diet. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

  • A. I will use fresh herbs and spices instead of salt.
  • B. I will avoid canned soups and processed foods.
  • C. I can eat as much bacon and sausage as I want because they taste good.
  • D. I will read food labels to check for sodium content.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer because bacon and sausage are high in sodium, which contradicts the low-sodium diet requirement. Consuming them freely would contribute to increased sodium intake, which is not suitable for managing hypertension. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate appropriate understanding and actions for a low-sodium diet, such as using alternatives to salt, avoiding processed foods, and checking food labels for sodium content.

Before administering a calcium channel blocker to a client with hypertension, what parameter should the nurse check?

  • A. Serum calcium level
  • B. Apical pulse
  • C. Blood pressure
  • D. Respiratory rate
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Before administering a calcium channel blocker to a client with hypertension, the nurse should check the client's blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers are prescribed to lower blood pressure, so it is essential to assess the current blood pressure to ensure safe administration and monitor the medication's effectiveness. Checking the serum calcium level (Choice A) is not necessary before administering a calcium channel blocker, as it does not directly impact the drug's action. Monitoring the apical pulse (Choice B) is important for other types of medications like beta-blockers, not specifically for calcium channel blockers. Assessing the respiratory rate (Choice D) is not directly related to administering calcium channel blockers for hypertension.

A client has a new prescription for propranolol. Which of the following instructions should be included?

  • A. Take the medication with food.
  • B. Monitor heart rate daily.
  • C. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods.
  • D. Avoid consuming dairy products.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor heart rate daily. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that can lower heart rate and blood pressure, so it is essential to monitor heart rate regularly to detect any signs of bradycardia, a potential side effect of the medication. Choice A is incorrect because propranolol can be taken with or without food. Choice C is incorrect as increasing potassium-rich foods is not specifically required with propranolol. Choice D is also incorrect as there is no need to avoid consuming dairy products with propranolol.

The client is reinforcing teaching for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which statement by the client indicates correct understanding?

  • A. I will keep my legs elevated on pillows while resting.
  • B. I will avoid crossing my legs when sitting.
  • C. I will wear tight compression stockings to improve circulation.
  • D. I will apply heat to my legs to relieve pain and improve circulation.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Crossing the legs can further impede blood flow in clients with PAD, worsening symptoms. Avoiding leg crossing helps maintain adequate blood flow and reduces the risk of complications associated with peripheral artery disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because elevating the legs, wearing tight compression stockings, and applying heat can exacerbate symptoms in PAD by restricting blood flow or causing potential harm.

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