Nokea
The nurse is preparing to administer insulin intravenously. Which statement about the administration of intravenous insulin is true?
- A. Insulin is never given intravenously.
- B. Only regular insulin can be administered intravenously.
- C. Insulin aspart or insulin lispro can be administered intravenously, but there must be a 50% dose reduction.
- D. Any form of insulin can be administered intravenously at the same dose as that is ordered for subcutaneous administration.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Only regular insulin is approved for IV administration, typically in emergencies like diabetic ketoacidosis, due to its predictable pharmacokinetics.
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A patient has been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and is started on the biguanide metformin. The nurse knows that the purpose of the metformin, in this situation, is which of these?
- A. To increase the pancreatic secretion of insulin
- B. To decrease insulin resistance
- C. To increase blood glucose levels
- D. To decrease the pancreatic secretion of insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin reduces insulin resistance by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity in tissues, beneficial for metabolic syndrome.
The nurse is reviewing instructions for a patient with type 2 diabetes who also takes insulin injections as part of the therapy. The nurse asks the patient 'What should you do if your fasting blood glucose is 44 mg/dL?' Which response by the patient reflects a correct understanding of insulin therapy?
- A. I will call my doctor right away.
- B. I will give myself the regular insulin.
- C. I will take an oral form of glucose.
- D. I will rest until the symptoms pass.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fasting blood glucose of 44 mg/dL indicates hypoglycemia, requiring immediate oral glucose intake (e.g., glucose tablets) to raise blood sugar. Insulin would worsen it, and delaying or calling the doctor is not optimal.
When monitoring a patient's response to oral antidiabetic drugs, the nurse knows that which laboratory result would indicate a therapeutic response?
- A. Random blood glucose level 180 mg/dL
- B. Blood glucose level of 50 mg/dL after meals
- C. Fasting blood glucose level of 92 mg/dL
- D. Evening blood glucose level below 80 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fasting blood glucose level of 80â??130 mg/dL, as per ADA guidelines, indicates a therapeutic response to oral antidiabetic drugs. Other options reflect hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
When teaching a patient who is starting metformin, which instruction by the nurse is correct?
- A. Take metformin if your blood glucose level is above 100 mg/dL.
- B. Take this 60 minutes after breakfast.
- C. Take the medication on an empty stomach 1 hour before meals.
- D. Take the medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) effects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin should be taken with food to minimize GI side effects like nausea and diarrhea. Timing with specific glucose levels or empty stomach is incorrect.
The insulin order reads 'Give 15 units insulin glargine, SUBQ, every evening after dinner.' Choose the proper syringe for this injection.
- A. interderm_1.PNG
- B. interderm_2.PNG
- C. interderm_3.PNG
- D. interderm_4.PNG
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin glargine requires an insulin syringe marked in units for accurate dosing. Other syringes (not specified in options) are not suitable for insulin administration.