Nokea
The nurse is preparing to administer liquid laxative to a patient in preparation for a colonoscopy. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Offer a small snack.
- B. Take the patient's temperature.
- C. Mix the laxative with orange juice.
- D. Chill the laxative and pour it over ice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because chilling the laxative and pouring it over ice can help improve its taste and make it more palatable for the patient. This can encourage the patient to consume the laxative as needed for the colonoscopy preparation. Offering a small snack (choice A) may interfere with the effectiveness of the laxative. Taking the patient's temperature (choice B) is not relevant to administering a laxative. Mixing the laxative with orange juice (choice C) may alter its effectiveness and is not recommended.
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A 55-year-old female client comes to the clinic for a physical examination. Which of the following screening tests would the nurse recommend the client have beginning at the age of 50 and every 10 years after?
- A. Colonoscopy
- B. Ultrasound of the kidney
- C. Mammogram
- D. Pap smear
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Colonoscopy. Beginning at age 50, it is recommended every 10 years to screen for colorectal cancer. This screening test is essential for early detection and prevention of colon cancer. Colonoscopy allows for direct visualization of the colon and removal of any precancerous polyps.
Choice B: Ultrasound of the kidney is not a recommended screening test for a 55-year-old female. Kidney ultrasound is typically used for evaluating specific kidney conditions, not as a routine screening test.
Choice C: Mammogram is typically recommended for breast cancer screening in women starting at age 40, not every 10 years after age 50.
Choice D: Pap smear is used for cervical cancer screening, typically starting at age 21 and continuing every 3-5 years, not every 10 years after age 50.
The nervous system or systems that can control peristalsis in the inferior esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine is (are) the
- A. somatic motor nervous system.
- B. sympathetic nervous system.
- C. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- D. autonomic and somatic motor nervous systems.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because peristalsis, the involuntary movement of the digestive tract, is controlled by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates peristalsis, while the sympathetic nervous system inhibits it. Choice A is incorrect because the somatic motor nervous system controls voluntary movements, not peristalsis. Choice B is incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system inhibits peristalsis. Choice D is incorrect because the somatic motor nervous system does not control peristalsis in the digestive tract; it controls skeletal muscle movements.
Care for which of these clients is most appropriate to assign to the LPN/LVN, under the supervision of an RN?
- A. A client with oral cancer who is scheduled in the morning for glossectomy
- B. An obese client returned from surgery following a vertical banded gastroplasty
- C. A client with anorexia nervosa with muscle weakness and decreased urine output
- D. A client with intractable nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the LPN/LVN can provide care for a client with intractable nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy under the supervision of an RN. The LPN/LVN can administer prescribed antiemetic medications, monitor the client's response, assess for dehydration, and provide comfort measures. This task falls within the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN and does not require the advanced assessment and intervention skills of an RN.
Choice A is incorrect because a client undergoing a glossectomy for oral cancer requires complex post-operative care that is beyond the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN.
Choice B is incorrect because post-operative care for an obese client following a vertical banded gastroplasty involves monitoring for complications such as leaks or infections, which require the expertise of an RN.
Choice C is incorrect because a client with anorexia nervosa with muscle weakness and decreased urine output may have underlying medical issues that require an RN's assessment and intervention skills
The nurse is teaching a client about sexual modifications for clients with an ostomy. Which of the following strategies would the nurse suggest when anticipating sexual activity?
- A. Leave the stoma open to air and cover with a towel.
- B. Instruct the client to limit foods that activate the bowel.
- C. Bathe and apply a fresh pouch after having sex.
- D. Consult with members of a local ostomy support group.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because limiting foods that activate the bowel can help reduce the chances of embarrassing situations during sexual activity. Certain foods can cause gas or increase stool output, which may affect the client's confidence and comfort. Leaving the stoma open to air and covering with a towel (choice A) is not recommended during sexual activity as it may lead to odor and potential leakage. Bathing and applying a fresh pouch after sex (choice C) is important for hygiene but does not directly address preparation for sexual activity. Consulting with an ostomy support group (choice D) is beneficial for emotional support but does not specifically address strategies for anticipating sexual activity.
What is a common complication following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
- A. Bile leak
- B. Wound infection
- C. Deep vein thrombosis
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bile leak. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile leak is a common complication due to injury to the bile ducts during surgery. This can lead to abdominal pain, infection, and other serious complications. Wound infection (B) is less common in laparoscopic surgeries. Deep vein thrombosis (C) and pulmonary embolism (D) are more associated with prolonged immobility post-surgery, which is less of a concern in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.