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The nurse is preparing to administer regular insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes. Before administering the insulin, the nurse should:
- A. Rotate the vial between her hands
- B. Warm the insulin to body temperature
- C. Shake the vial vigorously
- D. Draw up the insulin with an 18-gauge needle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rotating the vial between hands mixes regular insulin gently, ensuring even suspension without denaturing it warming, shaking, or large needles risk potency loss or tissue damage. Nurses use this technique, confirming clarity, for safe, effective glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.
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A client with hypertension is being educated by a healthcare professional about lifestyle changes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should consume foods low in potassium.
- B. I should consume foods low in sodium.
- C. I should consume foods high in saturated fats.
- D. I should consume foods high in cholesterol.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I should consume foods low in sodium.' This statement indicates an understanding of managing hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure, so reducing sodium consumption is crucial in hypertension management to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Consuming foods low in potassium is not typically recommended for hypertension management as potassium-rich foods like fruits and vegetables can be beneficial. Consuming foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol can be detrimental to cardiovascular health and should be limited in individuals with hypertension.
Among the following statements, which should be given the HIGHEST priority?
- A. Client is in extreme pain
- B. Client's blood pressure is 60/40
- C. Client's temperature is 40 deg. Centigrade
- D. Client is cyanotic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: BP 60/40 (B) is highest priority; severe hypotension threatens perfusion, per ABCs (circulation). Pain (A), fever (C), and cyanosis (D) are urgent but secondary to life-threatening shock. B demands immediate action, making it correct.
A group of nursing students has attended a presentation about the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA). Which statement by the group indicates that they have understood the information presented?
- A. The NSNA contributes to the improvement of public health
- B. The organization provides programs of current professional interest
- C. It is run by a group of registered nurses
- D. It is funded by the national government
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA) is a student-led organization designed to support nursing students' professional development, and understanding its purpose is key for students. The correct statement, that it provides programs of current professional interest, reflects its role in offering educational events, leadership opportunities, and resources tailored to students' needs, preparing them for their future careers. The NSNA does not primarily focus on improving public health, which is more aligned with bodies like the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. It is not run by registered nurses but by students themselves, emphasizing peer leadership and engagement. Additionally, it is student-funded through membership dues, not supported by the national government. This distinction highlights the NSNA's unique position as a grassroots organization fostering professional growth, networking, and advocacy among nursing students, ensuring they are well-equipped to enter the profession with relevant skills and knowledge.
Mr. Gary, at 67, is reflecting on his life achievements. This is an example of which Erikson's stage?
- A. Trust vs. Mistrust
- B. Industry vs. Inferiority
- C. Identity vs. Role confusion
- D. Integrity vs. Despair
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At 67, reflecting on achievements is Integrity vs. Despair (D) Erikson's late adulthood, assessing life's worth. Trust (A) is infancy, industry (B) childhood, identity (C) adolescence not age-appropriate. D fits reflection, making it correct.
In an emergency department, a provider is assessing a client with an acute head injury following a motor-vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should be prioritized?
- A. A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13
- B. Clear fluid leaking from the nose
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Anisocoria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority finding is the clear fluid leaking from the nose, which could indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak and potential brain injury. This requires immediate attention to assess for possible cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is a serious complication of head trauma and needs prompt intervention to prevent further complications. While a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 may indicate a mild alteration in consciousness, it is not as urgent as assessing for a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms after head injuries but do not take precedence over assessing for a potential cerebrospinal fluid leak. Anisocoria (unequal pupils) is also important to note but is not as urgent as identifying a possible cerebrospinal fluid leak in this scenario.