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The nurse is preparing to care for the client diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which interventions should the nurse plan to include?
- A. Teach the client to limit use of alcohol and drugs containing acetaminophen.
- B. Provide a high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet with three large meals per day.
- C. Wear gloves, mask, and gown when providing the client’s personal cares.
- D. Provide rest periods, alternating this with moderate activity during the day.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A. Clients with viral hepatitis should avoid all alcohol and all medications containing acetaminophen, not just limit their use. B. Clients should eat small, frequent meals with a high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat, and moderate-protein content. C. It is not necessary to wear a mask when caring for an individual with hepatitis A. A gown and gloves should be worn when in contact with blood and body fluids. D. Rest is an essential intervention to decrease the liver’s metabolic demands and increase its blood supply. Rest should be alternated with periods of activity to prevent complications and to restore health.
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The occupational health nurse is preparing a presentation to a group of factory workers about preventing colon cancer. Which information should be included in the presentation?
- A. Wear a high-filtration mask when around chemicals.
- B. Eat several servings of cruciferous vegetables daily.
- C. Take a multiple vitamin every day.
- D. Do not engage in high-risk sexual behaviors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cruciferous vegetables (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower) are high in fiber and antioxidants, which may reduce colon cancer risk. Masks, vitamins, and sexual behaviors are less directly linked to colon cancer prevention.
The client is admitted to a hospital for medical management of acute diverticulitis. The nurse should anticipate that this client’s treatment plan will include which component?
- A. NPO (nothing per mouth) status
- B. Frequent ambulation
- C. Prescribed antibiotics
- D. Antiemetic medication
- E. Deep breathing every 2 hours
Correct Answer: A, C
Rationale: The nurse should plan for the client to be NPO. Medical management for diverticulitis includes resting the bowel. NPO status will help to achieve this. B. Ambulation is not encouraged; resting the body promotes bowel rest. C. Broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against known enteric pathogens are used in treating every stage of diverticulitis. D. Nausea is not a concern with diverticulitis. E. The client did not have surgery; there is no need for deep breathing every 2 hours.
Which intervention should the nurse implement specifically for the client in end-stage liver failure who is experiencing hepatic encephalopathy?
- A. Assess the client's neurological status.
- B. Prepare to administer a loop diuretic.
- C. Check the client's stool for blood.
- D. Assess for an abdominal fluid wave.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neurological assessment monitors hepatic encephalopathy progression (e.g., confusion, asterixis), guiding treatment. Diuretics, stool checks, and fluid wave assessments are less specific.
The client is diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Provide a low-residue diet.
- B. Rest the client's bowel.
- C. Assess vital signs daily.
- D. Administer antacids orally.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, resting the bowel (often via NPO status or clear liquids) reduces inflammation and irritation. A low-residue diet is used in stable phases, daily vital signs are routine, and antacids are irrelevant.
Which medication should the nurse expect the HCP to order to treat the client diagnosed with botulism secondary to eating contaminated canned goods?
- A. An antidiarrheal medication.
- B. An aminoglycoside antibiotic.
- C. An antitoxin medication.
- D. An ACE inhibitor medication.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Botulism is treated with antitoxin to neutralize the toxin and prevent further paralysis. Antidiarrheals, antibiotics, and ACE inhibitors are inappropriate for botulism.