ATI Pharmacology Test Bank

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The nurse is preparing to give a potassium supplement. Which laboratory test should be checked before the patient receives a dose of potassium?

  • A. Complete blood count
  • B. Serum potassium level
  • C. Serum sodium level
  • D. Liver function studies
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Before administering a potassium supplement to a patient, it is crucial to check the patient's serum potassium level. This is because if the serum potassium level is already elevated or within the high end of the normal range, giving additional potassium could lead to hyperkalemia, which can be life-threatening. Conversely, if the serum potassium level is low (hypokalemia), then administering potassium supplementation may be necessary to correct the deficiency. Monitoring the serum potassium level helps ensure safe and effective treatment with potassium supplements. It is a critical part of assessing the patient's electrolyte balance and overall health status.

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A client has a new prescription for Enfuvirtide to treat HIV infection. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse reactions?

  • A. Bone marrow suppression
  • B. Pancreatitis
  • C. Pancreatitis
  • D. Bone marrow suppression
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: While bone marrow suppression is not typically associated with Enfuvirtide, a more relevant concern is the risk of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis. Enfuvirtide, an HIV fusion inhibitor, can cause local injection site reactions and systemic allergic responses. Monitoring for signs of allergic reactions, such as rash, fever, and difficulty breathing, is crucial to ensure the client's safety.

After administering the drug Atropine to a patient, the nurse notices side effects of dry mouth, tachycardia, and drowsiness. The nurse suspects ans overdose of the drug. Which of the following is the antidote for Atropine?

  • A. Flumazenil
  • B. Naloxone
  • C. Physostigmine
  • D. Protamine sulfate
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Physostigmine is the antidote for Atropine overdose. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks the action of acetylcholine. Physostigmine works by increasing the levels of acetylcholine in the body, counteracting the effects of Atropine. It can help reverse the side effects of Atropine overdose, such as dry mouth, tachycardia, and drowsiness. Flumazenil is the antidote for benzodiazepines, Naloxone is the antidote for opioids, and Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin.

A client who takes Chlorpromazine for the treatment of Schizophrenia is due for a follow-up assessment. The nurse should expect the greatest improvement in which of the following manifestations? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Disorganized speech.
  • B. Bizarre behavior.
  • C. Impaired social interactions.
  • D. Hallucinations.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client takes a conventional antipsychotic medication like chlorpromazine, the greatest improvement is typically seen in positive symptoms such as disorganized speech. These medications are more effective in managing positive symptoms like disorganized speech rather than negative symptoms like impaired social interactions or hallucinations. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate improvement in disorganized speech as a positive response to chlorpromazine treatment.

Gold sodium thiomalate is prescribed to a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following side effects indicates an overdose of the medication?

  • A. Flushing
  • B. Dizziness
  • C. Joint pain
  • D. Metallic taste
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The nurse has completed medication education with the patient who is receiving lithium (Eskalith). What is the priority patient outcome?

  • A. The patient will be able to work a normal work schedule and will receive adequate sleep
  • B. The patient will identify signs of lithium (Eskalith) toxicity and verbalize measures to avoid it
  • C. The patient will engage in activities of daily living and report enjoyment with them
  • D. The patient will report stabilization of mood, including absence of mania or depression
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lithium toxicity (e.g., tremors, confusion) at narrow therapeutic range (0.6-1.2) is life-threatening-knowing signs (e.g., nausea) and prevention (e.g., hydration) is priority, per safety. Work, ADLs, and mood stability follow but aren't immediate risks. Toxicity awareness saves lives, per education.

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