Nokea
The nurse is preparing to give an injection to a 4-year-old child. Which intervention is age appropriate for this child?
- A. Give the injection without any advanced preparation.
- B. Give the injection, and then explain the reason for the procedure afterward.
- C. Offer a brief, concrete explanation of the procedure at the patient's level and with the parent or caregiver present.
- D. Prepare the child in advance with details about the procedure without the parent or caregiver present.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For a 4-year-old child, offering a brief, concrete explanation about a procedure just beforehand, with the parent or caregiver present, is appropriate. No preparation, explaining afterward, or preparing without a parent are not age-appropriate interventions.
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The nurse is assessing a newly admitted 83-year-old patient and determines that the patient is experiencing polypharmacy. Which statement most accurately illustrates polypharmacy?
- A. The patient is experiencing multiple illnesses.
- B. The patient uses one medication for an illness several times per day.
- C. The patient uses over-the-counter drugs for an illness.
- D. The patient uses multiple medications simultaneously.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Polypharmacy usually occurs when a patient has several illnesses and takes medications for each of them, possibly prescribed by different specialists who may be unaware of other treatments the patient is undergoing. It involves multiple medications, not just multiple illnesses, a single medication, or only over-the-counter drugs.
The nurse is trying to give a liquid medication to a 2 1/2-year-old child and notes that the medication has a strong taste. Which technique is the best way for the nurse to give the medication to this child?
- A. Give the medication with a spoonful of ice cream.
- B. Add the medication to the child's bottle.
- C. Tell the child you have candy for him.
- D. Add the medication to a cup of milk.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ice cream or another nonessential food disguises the taste of the medication. Adding to a bottle or milk risks incomplete dosing if not fully consumed, and using the word 'candy' may lead to confusion, as the child might think drugs are candy.
The nurse is monitoring a patient who is in the 26th week of pregnancy and has developed gestational diabetes and pneumonia. She is given medications that pose a possible fetal risk, but the potential benefits may warrant the use of the medications in her situation. The nurse recognizes that these medications are in which U.S. Food and Drug Administration pregnancy safety category?
- A. Category A
- B. Category B
- C. Category C
- D. Category D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pregnancy category D fits the description given, as it indicates evidence of human fetal risk, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite risks. Category A indicates no risk to the human fetus; Category B indicates no risk to animal fetus with no human data available; Category C indicates adverse effects in animal fetus with no human data available.
An 83-year-old woman has been given a thiazide diuretic to treat heart failure. She and her caregiver should be told to watch for which problems?
- A. Constipation and anorexia
- B. Fatigue, leg cramps, and dehydration
- C. Daytime sedation and lethargy
- D. Edema, nausea, and blurred vision
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Electrolyte imbalance, leg cramps, fatigue, and dehydration are common complications when thiazide diuretics are given to elderly patients. The other options do not describe typical complications associated with thiazide diuretics in the elderly.
The nurse is administering drugs to neonates and will consider which factor may contribute the most to drug toxicity?
- A. The lungs are immature.
- B. The kidneys are small.
- C. The liver is not fully developed.
- D. Excretion of the drug occurs quickly.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A neonate's liver is not fully developed and cannot detoxify many drugs, contributing most to drug toxicity. Immature lungs and small kidneys play lesser roles, and excretion is slow, not fast, due to organ immaturity.