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The nurse is providing an educational session to new employees, and the topic is abuse of the older adult. The nurse helps the employees identify that which client is most typical of a victim of abuse?
- A. 75 y.o man with moderate hypertension
- B. 68 y.o man with newly dx cataracts
- C. 90 y.o woman with advanced Parkinson's dz
- D. 70 y.o woman with early dx Lyme dz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 90 y.o woman with advanced Parkinson's dz. Older adults with advanced Parkinson's disease are more vulnerable to abuse due to their physical and cognitive impairments. They may be dependent on caregivers, making them easy targets for abuse. The other choices do not indicate significant vulnerability to abuse. Choice A is a common demographic but lacks specific vulnerability factors. Choice B with cataracts and Choice D with early Lyme disease do not inherently increase the risk of abuse.
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When assessing the health status of super-centenarians in a long-term care facility, which statement is most accurate regarding their general capabilities?
- A. A significant number of super-centenarians are dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities.
- B. Many super-centenarians exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age.
- C. The majority of super-centenarians are unable to engage in social activities due to health limitations.
- D. Most super-centenarians experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because super-centenarians, who are individuals aged 110 years or older, often exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age. This is supported by research showing that many super-centenarians maintain physical and cognitive abilities that allow them to perform daily activities without significant assistance. This statement aligns with the concept of successful aging, where individuals maintain autonomy and independence in later years.
Option A is incorrect because a significant number of super-centenarians are not dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities. Option C is incorrect as many super-centenarians can still engage in social activities despite health limitations. Option D is incorrect as most super-centenarians do not experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.
In managing older adults with multiple chronic conditions, which factor has the most significant impact on reducing hospital readmissions?
- A. Minimizing polypharmacy
- B. Frequent medication adjustments
- C. Home health care support
- D. Specialized geriatric assessments
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Home health care support. This is because having access to home health care support can provide ongoing monitoring, medication management, and assistance with activities of daily living, which can help prevent complications and reduce the need for hospital readmissions.
Minimizing polypharmacy (A) is important but may not have as significant an impact as continuous home health care support. Frequent medication adjustments (B) may lead to confusion and potential adverse effects in older adults. Specialized geriatric assessments (D) are beneficial but may not directly address the day-to-day support needed to prevent hospital readmissions.
An older man in a nursing home has high cholesterol (245 mg/dL). Which intervention helps him achieve the highest level of wellness?
- A. Instruct him about increasing dietary fiber.
- B. Ask the health care provider for a low-fat diet.
- C. Schedule a consultation for him with the dietitian.
- D. Review a menu with him to choose suitable foods.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because reviewing a menu with the older man allows for personalized food selection, taking into account his preferences and dietary restrictions. This approach promotes adherence to a healthy eating plan, leading to better cholesterol management and overall wellness.
Choice A is not the best option as simply instructing him to increase dietary fiber may not address his specific dietary needs. Choice B suggests asking the health care provider for a low-fat diet, which may not consider the individual's food preferences or cultural background. Choice C of scheduling a consultation with a dietitian is a good option, but it may not be as immediately accessible or practical as reviewing a menu together with the individual.
Which of the following is considered a key component of successful aging?
- A. Avoiding chronic diseases at all costs
- B. Maintaining cognitive function and social engagement
- C. Relying on medical interventions for every health concern
- D. Living independently without any assistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Maintaining cognitive function is crucial for adapting to changes and problem-solving in older age.
Step 2: Social engagement helps combat loneliness and promotes mental well-being.
Step 3: Both factors contribute to a higher quality of life and overall well-being in older individuals.
Summary: A is incorrect as chronic diseases are common in aging. C is incorrect due to over-reliance on medical interventions. D is incorrect as independence doesn't necessarily equate to successful aging.
Which racial or ethnic group has the highest life expectancy in the United States?
- A. Native Americans
- B. African Americans
- C. Hispanic Americans
- D. Asian and Pacific Island Americans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Asian and Pacific Island Americans. This group has the highest life expectancy in the US due to various factors such as healthy dietary habits, lower rates of smoking and alcohol consumption, access to quality healthcare, and strong social support systems. They also tend to engage in regular physical activity and have lower rates of obesity and chronic diseases compared to other racial or ethnic groups. In contrast, choices A, B, and C have lower life expectancies due to factors such as higher rates of poverty, inadequate healthcare access, systemic racism, and higher prevalence of chronic health conditions like diabetes and heart disease.