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The nurse is providing care in the home to a person who has AIDS. Which behavior, if observed by the nurse, indicates a need for further instruction?
- A. The client uses the same dishes as the rest of the family.
- B. The client shares a bathroom with the rest of the family.
- C. The client and his brother use the same razor.
- D. The client often cooks for the family.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sharing razors risks bloodborne HIV transmission, requiring education. Using shared dishes, bathrooms, or cooking poses no significant risk with standard precautions.
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A client with chronic pancreatitis is receiving Pancreatin. Which of the following observations is most indicative that the drug treatment is having the desired effect?
- A. The client's appetite is improved.
- B. The client's weight loss is greater than 10 pounds.
- C. The client's stools contain less fat and occur with less frequency.
- D. The client's tissue bruises less easily.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pancreatin replaces pancreatic enzymes, aiding fat digestion. Reduced fat in stools and less frequent bowel movements indicate effective treatment. Appetite improvement is secondary, weight loss is undesirable, and bruising is unrelated.
At a routine health assessment, a client tells the nurse that she is planning a pregnancy in the near future. She asks about preconception diet changes. Which of the statements made by the nurse is best?
- A. Include fibers in your daily diet.
- B. Increase green leafy vegetable intake.
- C. Drink milk for the calcium content.
- D. Eat foods rich in folic acid.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Eat foods rich in folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects in the developing fetus, making it a critical preconception dietary recommendation.
A 7 year-old child is hospitalized following a major burn to the lower extremities. A diet high in protein and carbohydrates is recommended. The nurse informs the child and family that the most important reason for this diet is to
- A. Promote healing and strengthen the immune system
- B. Provide a well balanced nutritional intake
- C. Stimulate increased peristalsis absorption
- D. Spare protein catabolism to meet metabolic needs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spare protein catabolism to meet metabolic needs. A high-carbohydrate diet prevents protein breakdown for energy, allowing proteins to restore tissue.
The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing the cardiac rhythm shown in the ECG strip below. The nurse should recognize that the client is experiencing
- A. atrial fibrillation
- B. ventricular fibrillation
- C. sinus bradycardia
- D. normal sinus rhythm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia requiring immediate intervention. Atrial fibrillation , sinus bradycardia , and normal rhythm are less urgent.
The nurse reinforces teaching about the use of the peak flow meter to evaluate airflow to a client newly diagnosed with asthma. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the nurse's teaching?
- A. I will exhale a complete breath as quickly as possible through the mouthpiece of the device to obtain a peak flow reading
- B. I will move the indicator to the desired reading on the numbered scale before using the device
- C. I will record the lowest of 3 consecutive peak flow readings in my asthma journal every day.
- D. I will remember to use the device after taking my fluticasone via metered-dose inhaler.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exhaling quickly is the correct technique for peak flow. Setting the indicator , recording the lowest reading , and using post-inhaler are incorrect.