Current Issues in Maternal Newborn Nursing

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The nurse is providing education for disease prevention to the adult female patient. Which factor puts the patient at a higher risk for multisystem disease processes such as cardiac issues, gynecological issues, and cancers?

  • A. Consuming two glasses of wine a week
  • B. Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day
  • C. Having a body mass index of over 32
  • D. Having poor intake of calcium and vegetables
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. Smoking is a major risk factor for multisystem diseases like cardiac issues, gynecological issues, and cancers due to the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke. Smoking is linked to heart disease, lung cancer, cervical cancer, and other health issues.

A: Consuming two glasses of wine a week is not a significant risk factor for multisystem diseases compared to smoking. Moderate alcohol consumption may even have some health benefits.

C: Having a body mass index of over 32 is a risk factor for certain health conditions like diabetes and hypertension, but it is not as directly linked to multisystem diseases as smoking.

D: Having poor intake of calcium and vegetables can lead to deficiencies and certain health issues, but it is not as strongly associated with multisystem diseases as smoking.

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The nurse is providing care to a 75-year-old female patient diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following would be the priority nursing diagnosis?

  • A. At risk for falls related to impaired balance
  • B. Knowledge deficit related to new medication regimen
  • C. Impaired physical mobility related to pain and skeletal changes
  • D. Ineffective health maintenance related to continued immobility
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: At risk for falls related to impaired balance. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because falls in elderly patients with osteoporosis can lead to serious consequences such as fractures. Assessing and addressing impaired balance can help prevent falls.

Choice B is incorrect as addressing the risk of falls is more urgent than educating the patient on a new medication regimen. Choice C is also incorrect as addressing mobility issues can come after addressing the risk of falls. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on health maintenance rather than immediate safety concerns like the risk of falls.

A nurse is caring for a patient with pyelonephritis. What does the nurse identify as the most common cause?

  • A. Escherichia coli
  • B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • C. Chlamydia trachomatis
  • D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. In pyelonephritis, bacteria typically ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys. E. coli is the most common cause due to its prevalence in the gastrointestinal tract and ability to cause urinary tract infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are more commonly associated with sexually transmitted infections, not pyelonephritis. Candida albicans is a fungal infection and is not a common cause of pyelonephritis.

Fibrocystic changes in the breast most often appear in women in their 20s and 30s. Although the cause is unknown, an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone may be the cause. The nurse who cares for this client should be aware that treatment modalities are conservative. Which proven modality may offer relief for this condition?

  • A. Diuretic administration
  • B. Daily inclusion of caffeine in the diet
  • C. Increased vitamin C supplementation
  • D. Application of cold packs to the breast as necessary
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diuretics and a decrease in sodium intake can provide relief for fibrocystic breast changes. The use of caffeine is not recommended, and vitamin E should be taken in moderation.

A nurse is assessing a newborn who was born vaginally with vacuum extractor assistance. The nurse notes swelling over the newborn's head that crosses the suture line. The nurse should identify the swelling as which of the following findings?

  • A. Nevus ammeus
  • B. Caput succedaneum
  • C. Cephalohematoma
  • D. Erythema toxicum
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Caput succedaneum is a swelling that crosses suture lines due to pressure during delivery.

The nurse is arranging education for the menopausal support group regarding the approaches to treat the symptoms. Which of the following would be components of current treatments? Select all that apply.

  • A. Moderately intense exercises
  • B. Balanced diet, rich in calcium
  • C. Alternative medicine such as black cohosh
  • D. Over-the-counter sleep aid
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Moderate-intensity exercises are recommended for managing menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings by improving overall health and reducing stress. Exercise can also help with weight management and bone health.
Summary:
- Balanced diet with calcium (B) is important for overall health but not specific to treating menopausal symptoms.
- Alternative medicine like black cohosh (C) may have limited evidence and can vary in effectiveness.
- Over-the-counter sleep aids (D) may help with sleep disturbances but are not specific to managing menopausal symptoms.

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