foundation of nursing practice questions

foundation of nursing practice questions Related

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The nurse is providing health education to the parents of a toddler who has been diagnosed with food allergies. What should the nurse teach this family about the childs health problem?

  • A. Food allergies are a life-long condition, but most families adjust quite well to the necessary lifestyle changes.
  • B. Consistent use of over-the-counter antihistamines can often help a child overcome food allergies.
  • C. Make sure that you carry a steroid inhaler with you at all times, especially when you eat in restaurants.
  • D. Many children outgrow their food allergies in a few years if they avoid the offending foods.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Food allergies are a serious health concern that can have life-threatening consequences if not managed properly. It is important for the nurse to educate the family that food allergies are typically life-long conditions and cannot be fully cured. While some children may outgrow certain food allergies over time, it is not guaranteed for all cases. Therefore, the focus should be on effectively managing the allergy through avoidance of trigger foods, carrying emergency medications like epinephrine auto-injectors, and being prepared to respond to allergic reactions. Adjusting to the necessary lifestyle changes, such as reading food labels, informing others about the child's allergies, and being vigilant about potential allergen exposure, is essential for ensuring the child's safety and well-being. Consistent monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are also crucial components of managing food allergies on a long-term basis.

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A patient with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with AIDS-related wasting syndrome and AIDS- related anorexia. What drug has been found to promote significant weight gain in AIDS patients by increasing body fat stores?

  • A. Advera
  • B. Momordicacharantia
  • C. Megestrol
  • D. Ranitidine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Megestrol is a synthetic progestational agent that has been found to promote significant weight gain in AIDS patients with wasting syndrome by increasing body fat stores. It is commonly used to stimulate appetite and increase caloric intake in patients experiencing anorexia and weight loss due to various medical conditions, including AIDS-related wasting. Megestrol works by increasing appetite and improving food intake, leading to weight gain and improved nutritional status in patients with HIV/AIDS. It has been shown to be effective in reversing weight loss and improving quality of life in these patients. Therefore, the drug megestrol is the most appropriate choice for promoting weight gain in AIDS patients with wasting syndrome and anorexia.

The nurse is planning discharge education for a patient with trigeminal neuralgia. The nurse knows to include information about factors that precipitate an attack. What would the nurse be correct in teaching the patient to avoid?

  • A. Washing his face
  • B. Exposing his skin to sunlight
  • C. Using artificial tears
  • D. Drinking large amounts of fluids
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by severe facial pain due to irritation or damage to the trigeminal nerve. Factors such as touching or lightly brushing the face, chewing, speaking, or even encountering a breeze can trigger an attack. Therefore, activities like washing the face that involve touching or stimulating the trigeminal nerve can precipitate an attack in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. It is important for patients to be aware of these triggers to help manage and prevent episodes of pain.

Which disease process improves during pregnancy?

  • A. Epilepsy
  • B. Bell’s palsy
  • C. Rheumatoid arthritis
  • D. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis shows marked improvement during pregnancy, although the reason for this is not entirely clear. The improvement is often significant, leading to relief from symptoms for many pregnant individuals with this condition. However, it's important to note that this improvement is temporary, as relapse typically occurs within 36 months postpartum. The exact mechanisms behind this temporary improvement are not fully understood, but hormones and changes in the immune system during pregnancy are believed to play a role in modifying the disease process.

A nurse is explaining to the nursing students working on the antepartum unit how to assess for edema. Which edema assessment score indicates edema of the lower extremities, face, hands, and sacral area? N R I G B.C M U S N T O

  • A. +1
  • B. +2
  • C. +3
  • D. 4
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Edema of the extremities, face, and sacral area is classified as +3 edema. Edema classified as
+1 indicates minimal edema of the lower extremities. Marked edema of the lower extremities
is +2 edema. Generalized massive edema (+4) includes the accumulation of fluid in the
peritoneal cavity.

The mother of two young children has been diagnosed with HIV and expresses fear of dying. How should the nurse best respond to the patient?

  • A. Would you like me to have the chaplain come speak with you?
  • B. Youll learn much about the promise of a cure for HIV.
  • C. Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?
  • D. You need to maintain hope because you may live for several years.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When the patient expresses fear of dying, the best response from the nurse would be to address the patient's concerns directly by asking, "Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?" This response shows empathy and allows the patient to express their fears and thoughts openly. By understanding the specific concerns, the nurse can provide appropriate support and guidance to help alleviate the patient's fears and anxieties. It also opens up a dialogue for the nurse to provide information and reassurance based on the patient's individual needs and feelings.

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