External Maternal Monitoring

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The nurse is providing prenatal education to a pregnant patient at 24 weeks gestation. Which of the following topics should the nurse prioritize during this visit?

  • A. Signs and symptoms of preterm labor and when to call the healthcare provider
  • B. Breastfeeding techniques and infant care
  • C. Postpartum care and family planning options
  • D. Managing pregnancy-related fatigue and morning sickness
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Signs and symptoms of preterm labor and when to call the healthcare provider. This is the most crucial topic to prioritize at 24 weeks gestation because preterm labor can have serious consequences for both the mother and the baby. By educating the patient on the signs and symptoms of preterm labor, such as abdominal cramping, backache, or vaginal bleeding, the nurse can empower the patient to recognize these warning signs early and seek prompt medical attention, potentially preventing preterm birth.

Choice B: Breastfeeding techniques and infant care, and Choice C: Postpartum care and family planning options are important topics but are more relevant for later stages of pregnancy or after delivery. Choice D: Managing pregnancy-related fatigue and morning sickness is also important but is generally not as urgent as being aware of signs of preterm labor.

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A woman is planning to become pregnant. Which of the following actions should she be counseled to take before stopping birth control? Select all that apply.

  • A. Take a daily multivitamin.
  • B. See a medical doctor.
  • C. Drink beer instead of vodka.
  • D. Stop all over-the-counter medications.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Taking a multivitamin, consulting a doctor, and stopping potentially harmful medications are important preconception steps. Alcohol consumption should generally be minimized, but switching from vodka to beer is not a significant improvement.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is 32 weeks pregnant and is concerned about gestational diabetes. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?

  • A. Gestational diabetes is usually temporary and will resolve after delivery.
  • B. Gestational diabetes increases the risk of the baby developing diabetes later in life.
  • C. You can control gestational diabetes with regular exercise and a healthy diet.
  • D. Gestational diabetes is rare and typically does not require treatment.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "You can control gestational diabetes with regular exercise and a healthy diet." This is the most appropriate statement because managing gestational diabetes through lifestyle modifications like regular exercise and a healthy diet is a key component of treatment. By controlling blood sugar levels through these methods, complications for both the mother and baby can be reduced.

Choice A is incorrect because gestational diabetes may not always resolve after delivery and can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. Choice B is incorrect as it confuses the risk of the baby developing diabetes with the mother's condition. Choice D is incorrect as gestational diabetes is not rare and requires monitoring and sometimes treatment to manage effectively.

A woman in labor begins to experience a sudden increase in vaginal bleeding and the fetal heart rate decelerates. What is the likely cause of these symptoms?

  • A. Placenta previa
  • B. Placental abruption
  • C. Uterine rupture
  • D. Cervical laceration
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Placental abruption. Placental abruption is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, leading to vaginal bleeding and fetal distress. The sudden increase in bleeding and fetal heart rate deceleration are hallmark signs of placental abruption. Placenta previa (choice A) involves bleeding without fetal distress. Uterine rupture (choice C) typically presents with severe abdominal pain and shock. Cervical laceration (choice D) would not cause fetal heart rate deceleration.

A pregnant patient is concerned about the use of caffeine during pregnancy. Which of the following statements by the nurse would be most appropriate?

  • A. Caffeine is completely safe during pregnancy and has no impact on the baby.
  • B. Moderate caffeine consumption is safe, but it is recommended to limit it to 200 mg per day.
  • C. You should avoid caffeine completely to prevent any complications.
  • D. Caffeine can cause premature labor, so it should be avoided entirely.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Moderate caffeine consumption is safe, but it is recommended to limit it to 200 mg per day during pregnancy. This answer is appropriate because it balances the potential risks of caffeine with the benefits of moderate consumption. Excessive caffeine intake has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, so setting a limit is a prudent approach.

Explanation for Incorrect Choices:
A: This statement is incorrect as excessive caffeine intake during pregnancy can have negative effects on the baby.
C: Complete avoidance of caffeine is not necessary unless the individual has specific health concerns that warrant it.
D: While high levels of caffeine can be linked to complications, the statement that caffeine always causes premature labor is an oversimplification.

What complication is associated with pica during pregnancy?

  • A. Hypothyroidism
  • B. Iron-deficiency anemia
  • C. Hypercalcemia
  • D. Overexposure to zinc
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pica often leads to nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron-deficiency anemia, due to the ingestion of non-food substances.

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