Nokea
The nurse is providing teaching to a client diagnosed with cardiomyopathy. What statement made by the client indicates the discharge teaching was effective?
- A. "I will exercise as much as possible, regardless of feeling weak and short of breath."
- B. "My pants getting tight around the waist means I'm eating too much and should cut back on food."
- C. "I will eat foods containing sodium only if drinking water with them."
- D. "I will see my cardiologist next week to discuss implanting a pacemaker."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement indicating effective discharge teaching for a client diagnosed with cardiomyopathy is "I will eat foods containing sodium only if drinking water with them." This statement shows the client understands the importance of reducing sodium intake to manage cardiomyopathy effectively. Excess sodium can contribute to fluid retention and worsen symptoms of heart failure, which often accompanies cardiomyopathy. By pairing sodium-containing foods with water, the client can help mitigate the potential negative effects of sodium on their condition. The other options are incorrect as they do not demonstrate an understanding of the condition or appropriate self-care measures.
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During what period of gestation do congenital heart defects usually develop?
- A. First 8 weeks of gestation
- B. Second trimester
- C. Third trimester
- D. Last 4 weeks of gestation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital heart defects typically develop during the first 8 weeks of gestation when the baby's heart is forming. This is a critical period of organogenesis, where the heart undergoes complex development and any disruptions during this time can lead to structural abnormalities in the heart. Factors such as genetics, environmental influences, and certain maternal health conditions can contribute to the development of congenital heart defects during this early stage of pregnancy. It is crucial for mothers to receive proper prenatal care to help reduce the risk of congenital heart defects and other birth abnormalities.
A patient is scheduled for an electromyogram. What should the nurse instruct the patient to do in preparation for this diagnostic test? Select all that apply.
- A. Do not smoke for 3 hours before the test
- B. Avoid taking muscle relaxants before the test
- C. Avoid taking oral hypoglycemic agents before the test
- D. Alert the healthcare provider about an allergy to shellfish e. Avoid fluids containing caffeine for 3 hours before the test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B. It is essential for the patient to avoid taking muscle relaxants before the electromyogram test because these medications can affect the results by altering muscle activity and electrical signals, which are critical for diagnosing muscle and nerve disorders.
The nurse is caring for an adult client who has been diagnosed with high cholesterol. Which is important for the nurse to consider when teaching this adult client?
- A. Adults are more oriented to learning when the material is useful immediately.
- B. Adults are more likely to adhere to a regimen than are children.
- C. Adults usually can find information on their own.
- D. Adults do not need to be evaluated for understanding as children do.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When teaching an adult client with high cholesterol, it is important for the nurse to consider that adults are more oriented to learning when the material is useful immediately. This means that providing practical information and emphasizing how managing high cholesterol can benefit their health in the short term is likely to be more effective in engaging the client and encouraging adherence to recommendations. By focusing on the immediate relevance and benefits of the information, the nurse can enhance the client's motivation and understanding of the importance of managing their high cholesterol levels.
The nurse is planning care for a client with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Which problem would be a priority for this client?
- A. Infection
- B. Fluid volume
- C. Peripheral perfusion
- D. Sleep pattern
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a client with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), the priority problem would be peripheral perfusion. DVT is a condition where a blood clot forms in a vein deep within the body, usually in the lower extremities. This clot can impede blood flow in the affected vein, leading to compromised circulation to the surrounding tissues. Poor peripheral perfusion can result in tissue ischemia and potential tissue necrosis. Monitoring and ensuring adequate peripheral perfusion is crucial to prevent tissue damage and further complications such as pulmonary embolism. Therefore, addressing and improving peripheral perfusion would be the priority in caring for a client with DVT.
A client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) has symptoms of intermittent claudication. Which should the nurse include when teaching the client about intermittent claudication?
- A. It causes pain that occurs during periods of inactivity.
- B. It causes pain that increases when the legs are elevated and decreases when the legs are dependent.
- C. It causes cramping or aching pain in the lower extremities and the buttocks that occurs with a predictable level of activity.
- D. It is often described as a burning sensation in the lower legs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) characterized by cramping or aching pain in the lower extremities and buttocks that occurs with a predictable level of activity, such as walking a certain distance. This pain typically resolves with rest. The pain is due to inadequate blood flow to the muscles during activity, causing a buildup of lactic acid, which leads to muscle pain. This symptom is an important indicator of decreased arterial blood flow and is a common presentation in individuals with PVD. Therefore, when teaching the client about intermittent claudication, the nurse should emphasize the predictable nature of the pain related to activity and the relief experienced with rest.