Nokea
The nurse is reviewing principles of immunization. What type of immunization occurs when antibodies pass from mother to infant during breastfeeding or through the placenta during pregnancy?
- A. Artificial active immunization
- B. Attenuating immunization
- C. Natural passive immunization
- D. Artificial passive immunization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural passive immunization occurs when antibodies are transferred from the mother to her infant in breast milk or through the bloodstream via the placenta during pregnancy. Artificial active immunization causes an antigen-antibody response and stimulates the body's defenses to resist any subsequent exposures. Artificial passive immunization is conferred by bypassing the host's immune system and injecting the person with antiserum or concentrated antibodies obtained from other humans or animals.
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A patient is in the urgent care center after experiencing a black widow spider bite. The nurse prepares to give which product to treat this injury?
- A. Live vaccine
- B. Antivenins or antisera
- C. Tetanus immune globulin
- D. Active immunizing drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antivenins, also known as antisera, are used to prevent or minimize the effects of poisoning by poisonous snakes and spiders. They provide the person who has been bitten with the substance needed to overcome the effects of the venom.
A nurse is working in an immunization clinic. A new colleague asks, 'When is the first dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine given?' The nurse knows that this series is started at what age?
- A. At birth
- B. 6 weeks
- C. 3 months
- D. 1 year
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first dose of the DTaP vaccine series is given at 6 weeks of age. The other options are incorrect.
Two patients arrive at the clinic; one is a young boy with sickle cell anemia, and another is a 57-year-old woman with early stages of Hodgkin's disease. The nurse notices that both patients need the same vaccine. What vaccine would that be?
- A. Varicella virus vaccine
- B. Herpes zoster vaccine
- C. Hepatitis B virus vaccine, inactivated
- D. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine is usually given to patients with one of these disorders: sickle cell anemia, an immunodeficiency syndrome, Hodgkin's disease, and others. The other options are incorrect.
A sanitation worker has experienced a needle stick by a contaminated needle that was placed in a trash can. The employee health nurse expects that which drug will be used to provide passive immunity to hepatitis B infection?
- A. Haemophilus influenzae type b
- B. Varicella virus vaccine
- C. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
- D. Hepatitis B virus vaccine (inactivated)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis B immunoglobulin provides passive immunity for individuals exposed to hepatitis B, such as through a needle stick. The hepatitis B virus vaccine promotes active immunity, not passive. The other options are not appropriate for this situation.
A 12-month-old infant has received an MMR II (measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine), and her mother calls the clinic that afternoon to ask about helping her fussy infant to 'feel better.' What will the nurse suggest?
- A. Apply ice packs
- B. Apply warm compresses
- C. Observe the site for further swelling
- D. Bring the infant in to the emergency department for an immediate exam
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applying warm compresses to the injection site and using acetaminophen (not aspirin, which carries the risk for Reye's syndrome) should help to relieve the discomfort. The other options are incorrect.