ATI Hematologic System Test

ATI Hematologic System Test Related

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The nurse is reviewing the activated partial thromboplastin time for a patient receiving heparin. Which value indicates that the medication is within the therapeutic range?

  • A. 2.5 to 9.5 minutes
  • B. 9.5 to 11.3 seconds
  • C. 1.5 to 2.0 times normal
  • D. 2.0 to 3.0 times normal
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (1.5 to 2.0 times normal) because the therapeutic range for heparin therapy is typically considered to be 1.5 to 2.0 times the normal control value for activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This range ensures adequate anticoagulation to prevent clot formation without increasing the risk of bleeding. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they provide ranges that are either too short or too long for the therapeutic goal of heparin therapy. Option A (2.5 to 9.5 minutes) and Option D (2.0 to 3.0 times normal) are outside the typical therapeutic range for heparin, indicating subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic levels, respectively. Option B (9.5 to 11.3 seconds) is also incorrect as it reflects a range for prothrombin time (PT) rather than aPTT.

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An older client asks the nurse why 'people my age' have weaker immune systems than younger people. What responses by the nurse are best? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Bone marrow produces more blood cells as you age.'
  • B. You may have decreased levels of circulating platelets.'
  • C. You have lower levels of plasma proteins in the blood.'
  • D. Lymphocytes become more reactive to antigens.'
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'You have lower levels of plasma proteins in the blood.' As we age, there is a decline in the production of plasma proteins, which play a crucial role in immune function. These proteins help fight infections and regulate immune responses. Lower levels can weaken the immune system's ability to respond effectively to pathogens.

Choice A is incorrect because while bone marrow does produce blood cells, it does not directly relate to the weakening of the immune system with age. Choice B is incorrect as decreased platelet levels primarily affect blood clotting, not immune function. Choice D is incorrect because lymphocytes becoming more reactive to antigens is not a characteristic of aging immune systems.

An infant is born with a firm mass over the chest with a central area of purpura and a 'halo' around it. An ultrasound reveals a high-flow lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  • A. Fibrosarcoma
  • B. Infantile hemangioma
  • C. Congenital hemangioma
  • D. Capillary malformation
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Congenital hemangioma. A congenital hemangioma presents as a firm mass with purpura and a 'halo' due to rapid growth of blood vessels. The central area of purpura indicates thrombosis. The high-flow lesion on ultrasound suggests an increased blood flow. Fibrosarcoma (A) is a malignant tumor of fibrous tissue and does not present with these characteristic features. Infantile hemangioma (B) typically appears after birth and has a different clinical presentation. Capillary malformation (D) is a vascular malformation that does not typically show the same features as described in the question.

C6PD reflect false normal report in:

  • A. iron def .an.
  • B. hypoplastic an.
  • C. hairy cell leuk.
  • D. shortly after haemolysis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because individuals with G6PD deficiency can have normal enzyme levels shortly after a hemolytic episode due to the body replenishing the enzyme. Choice A, iron deficiency anemia, is unrelated to G6PD deficiency. Choice B, hypoplastic anemia, does not affect enzyme levels. Choice C, hairy cell leukemia, is not typically associated with false-normal G6PD levels. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it reflects the transient nature of G6PD levels post-hemolysis.

Thrombocytopenia is absent in:

  • A. DIC
  • B. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
  • C. Henoch Schonlein purpura
  • D. myelosclerosis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is absent in Henoch Schonlein purpura because it is primarily a vasculitis affecting small blood vessels, not directly causing platelet destruction. Thrombocytopenia is present in DIC due to widespread coagulation activation. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome and myelosclerosis both involve platelet dysfunction or decreased production, leading to thrombocytopenia.

A nurse is preparing to assist with a bone marrow biopsy. Which anatomical site should the nurse anticipate will be used to obtain the specimen?

  • A. Ribs
  • B. Humerus
  • C. Posterior iliac crest
  • D. Long bones in the legs
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Posterior iliac crest. A bone marrow biopsy is commonly performed at the posterior iliac crest because it provides easy access to the bone marrow. This site has a high concentration of red bone marrow, making it an ideal location for obtaining a bone marrow specimen. The iliac crest is also a flat and easily accessible surface, which allows for safe and efficient insertion of the biopsy needle. Ribs (A) are not typically used due to the risk of puncturing the lungs. The humerus (B) is not a common site for bone marrow biopsy. Long bones in the legs (D) are not typically used due to the difficulty in accessing the bone marrow at those sites.

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