Nokea
The nurse is reviewing the diet of the client with hypoparathyroidism. The nurse understands that the client should be on what type of diet?
- A. High-calorie, low-calcium diet
- B. Low-calcium, low-phosphorus diet
- C. High-phosphorus, low-calcium diet
- D. High-calcium, low-phosphorus diet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoparathyroidism reduces PTH, lowering calcium. A high-calcium, low-phosphorus diet compensates, as high phosphorus can further bind calcium.
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The nurse is creating a teaching plan for a client diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Which statement, if made by the client, would require follow-up?
- A. It will be very important to reduce the stress in my life.
- B. This condition may cause my glucose to decrease.
- C. I will need to monitor my blood pressure closely.
- D. If I feel tired, it is okay for me to have an energy drink.
- E. Diuretics will be prescribed to help eliminate the fluid I may retain.
Correct Answer: B, D, E
Rationale: Pheochromocytoma causes catecholamine excess, raising glucose, not lowering it. Energy drinks can worsen hypertension and are unsafe. Diuretics are not standard; fluid retention is not typical. Stress reduction and BP monitoring are appropriate.
The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following laboratory tests require careful monitoring?
- A. Potassium
- B. Sodium
- C. Glucose
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH causes water retention, diluting sodium and risking hyponatremia. Close sodium monitoring prevents neurological complications like seizures or coma.
The nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following would indicate the client is achieving the treatment goals?
- A. Fasting blood glucose 145 mg/dl (8.05 mmol/L) [70-110 mg/dL, 4.0-6.0 mmol/L]
- B. Creatinine 2.3 mg/dl (203.32 μmol/L) [Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL, Male 49-93 ¼mol/L Female 22-75 ¼mol/L]
- C. Urine Specific Gravity 1.043 [1.005-1.030]
- D. Hemoglobin A1C 6.7% [ < 7%]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HbA1C of 6.7% indicates good long-term glucose control (target <7%). Elevated fasting glucose, creatinine, and urine specific gravity suggest poor control or complications like renal issues.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus (type one) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which laboratory result is critical for the nurse to monitor closely during the client's treatment?
- A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- B. Serum creatinine
- C. Serum potassium
- D. Serum magnesium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In DKA, insulin shifts potassium into cells, risking hypokalemia, which can cause arrhythmias. Close monitoring of serum potassium is critical during treatment.
The nurse is assisting a client with their newly prescribed insulin pump. The nurse understands which insulin is commonly loaded into the pump?
- A. Rapid acting
- B. Ultra long-acting insulin
- C. Intermediate acting
- D. Long acting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid-acting insulin, such as lispro or aspart, is used in insulin pumps to mimic physiological insulin delivery for basal and bolus dosing. Long-acting or intermediate-acting insulins are not suitable for pumps.