Nokea
The nurse is reviewing the effects of general anesthesia with a group of new nurses. Which effects are expected with the use of general anesthetics? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Increased intracranial pressure
- B. Increased glomerular filtration
- C. Central nervous system depression
- D. Hypotension
- E. Decreased hepatic clearance
- F. Bronchodilation
- G. Respiratory depression
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: General anesthetics cause increased intracranial pressure, central nervous system depression, hypotension, decreased hepatic clearance, and respiratory depression. Glomerular filtration is typically decreased, not increased, and bronchodilation is not a consistent effect.
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While monitoring a patient who had surgery under general anesthesia 1 hour ago, the nurse notes a sudden elevation in body temperature. This finding may be an indication of which problem?
- A. Tachyphylaxis
- B. Postoperative infection
- C. Malignant hypertension
- D. Malignant hyperthermia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Malignant hyperthermia is a life-threatening condition associated with general anesthesia, characterized by a sudden rise in body temperature. Tachyphylaxis refers to reduced drug response, postoperative infection develops more slowly, and malignant hypertension primarily involves blood pressure elevation.
During the immediate postoperative period, the Post Anesthesia Care Unit nurse is assessing a patient who had hip surgery. The patient is experiencing tachycardia, tachypnea, and muscle rigidity, and his temperature is 103?°F. These findings indicate which condition?
- A. Tachyphylaxis
- B. Postoperative infection
- C. Malignant hypertension
- D. Malignant hyperthermia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tachycardia, tachypnea, muscle rigidity, and elevated temperature (103?°F) are classic signs of malignant hyperthermia, a rare but serious complication of general anesthesia. Tachyphylaxis involves reduced drug response, infections develop more slowly, and malignant hypertension primarily affects blood pressure.
A patient is to receive midazolam 2 mg IV push over 2 minutes just before an endoscopy procedure. The medication is available in a strength of 1 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters of medication will the nurse draw up into the syringe for this dose.
Correct Answer: 2 mL
Rationale: To calculate: 1 mg/1 mL = 2 mg/x mL. Cross-multiply: (1 * x) = (1 * 2); x = 2 mL.
When assessing patients in the preoperative area, the nurse knows that which patient is at a higher risk for an altered response to anesthesia?
- A. The 18-year-old patient who has never had surgery before
- B. The 32-year-old patient who stopped smoking 8 years ago
- C. The 44-year-old patient who is to have a kidney stone removed
- D. The 82-year-old patient who is to have gallbladder removal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elderly patients, like the 82-year-old, are at higher risk for altered anesthesia responses due to age-related declines in hepatic, cardiac, respiratory, and renal function. Younger patients or those with no significant comorbidities are less likely to have altered responses.
During a fishing trip, a patient pierced his finger with a large fishhook. He is now in the emergency department to have it removed. The nurse anticipates that which type of anesthesia will be used for this procedure?
- A. No anesthesia
- B. Topical benzocaine spray on the area
- C. Topical prilocaine/lidocaine (EMLA) cream around the site
- D. Infiltration of the puncture wound with lidocaine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infiltration anesthesia with lidocaine is appropriate for minor surgical procedures like fishhook removal, as it involves injecting anesthetic around the wound to block local nerves. No anesthesia is impractical due to pain, and topical agents like benzocaine or EMLA are less effective for deeper wounds.