Nokea
The nurse is screening clients for those at risk of developing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should recognize that the client at highest risk for developing SIADH is a client with
- A. carpal tunnel syndrome
- B. small cell lung cancer
- C. osteomyelitis
- D. sciatica
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Small cell lung cancer is strongly associated with SIADH due to ectopic ADH production. Other conditions listed are not significant risk factors.
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A client with throat cancer receives radiation therapy to the head and neck. Which of the following strategies are appropriate to decrease the adverse effects associated with radiation therapy? Select all that apply.
- A. Avoid irritants such as acidic, spicy foods
- B. Discourage the use of topical analgesics
- C. Encourage liquid nutritional supplements
- D. Perform oral hygiene once per day
- E. Use artificial saliva to control dryness
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Avoiding irritants reduces mucosal irritation. Liquid supplements ensure adequate nutrition when swallowing is difficult. E: Artificial saliva alleviates xerostomia, a common side effect. B is incorrect as topical analgesics may be beneficial for pain relief. D is incorrect as frequent oral hygiene is needed to prevent infections and maintain oral health.
The nurse has reinforced teaching with the parents of a 6-year-old client with chronic allergic rhinitis that is triggered by dust and pollen. Which of the following statements by the parents would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching? Select all that apply.
- A. We are planning to purchase an air purifier with a high-efficiency particulate air filter
- B. We will keep the windows open during warm weather to air out our house.
- C. We should place hypoallergenic covers on our child's mattress and pillow.
- D. We will clean our wood floors with a damp mop at least once a week
- E. We are planning to remove the carpet from our child's bedroom.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Correct choices reduce allergen exposure: HEPA filters remove dust/pollen, hypoallergenic covers prevent dust mite exposure, damp mopping reduces dust, and removing carpets eliminates allergen reservoirs. Keeping windows open increases pollen exposure, worsening symptoms.
The nurse is assisting with the admission of an 8-year-old client with suspected Reye syndrome. Which of the following information obtained during admission would be most consistent with the condition?
- A. no history of varicella vaccination
- B. recent exposure to bats
- C. previous exposure to lead-based paint
- D. recent influenza infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reye syndrome is associated with aspirin use during viral infections like influenza, making recent influenza infection most consistent.
The nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and an elevated hemoglobin A1c. Which statement by the nurse will best address this result?
- A. It is important for us to review the signs and symptoms of a hypoglycemic reaction.
- B. Let's review your diet, exercise, and medication regimen over the past 2-3 months.
- C. Please describe what you have eaten in the last 24-48 hours.
- D. You should fast for at least 8 hours prior to your morning blood work.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated A1c reflects poor glycemic control over months, so reviewing diet, exercise, and medications is most relevant. Other options are less comprehensive.
The nurse is caring for a school-aged client recently diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The nurse should recognize that the client is at risk for experiencing
- A. delayed physical development
- B. delusions
- C. low self-esteem
- D. Paranoia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with ADHD often face challenges with academic performance and social interactions, increasing the risk of low self-esteem. A is not typically associated with ADHD. B and D are more relevant to psychotic disorders, not ADHD.