Nokea
The nurse is teaching a child experiencing severe edema associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome about his diet. The nurse should discuss what dietary need?
- A. Consuming a regular diet
- B. Increasing protein
- C. Restricting fluids
- D. Decreasing calories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fluid restriction is often necessary to manage severe edema associated with MCNS. Increasing protein is not typically recommended due to the risk of exacerbating proteinuria, and calorie reduction is not generally needed.
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A six-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Which of these factors contribute to urinary tract infections in young children?
- A. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages.
- B. Insufficient water intake to flush the kidneys.
- C. Voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day.
- D. Infrequent voiding which results in urinary stasis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infrequent voiding can lead to urinary stasis, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections by allowing bacteria to multiply in the bladder. Encouraging regular voiding and proper hydration can help prevent UTIs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages may irritate the bladder but is not a direct cause of UTIs. Insufficient water intake can concentrate urine but does not necessarily lead to infections. A voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day is within the normal range and is not associated with increased UTI risk.
What nursing consideration is most important when caring for a child with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
- A. Children with ESRD usually adapt well to minor inconveniences of treatment.
- B. Children with ESRD require extensive support until they outgrow the condition.
- C. Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families until the illness is cured.
- D. Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families because children's lives are maintained by drugs and artificial means.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ESRD places significant stress on both the child and the family due to the ongoing need for dialysis, medications, and lifestyle restrictions, making it important for healthcare providers to offer extensive support and resources to manage these challenges.
The nurse is preparing to admit a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The nurse understands that the peak age at onset for this disease is what?
- A. 2 to 4 years
- B. 5 to 7 years
- C. 8 to 10 years
- D. 11 to 13 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The peak age for the onset of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is typically between 5 and 7 years old. This age group is most affected due to the higher incidence of streptococcal infections in school-aged children, which can lead to this renal complication.
What recommendation should the nurse make to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls?
- A. Avoid public toilet facilities
- B. Limit long baths as much as possible
- C. Cleanse the perineum with water after voiding
- D. Ensure clear liquid intake of 2 L/day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper perineal hygiene, including cleansing with water after voiding, is crucial in preventing UTIs in young girls. Avoiding public toilets and limiting baths are less effective than proper hygiene practices.
What is a high-fiber food that the nurse should recommend for a child with chronic constipation?
- A. White rice
- B. Popcorn
- C. Fruit juice
- D. Ripe bananas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Popcorn is a high-fiber food that can help manage chronic constipation in children. Other options like white rice and ripe bananas are low in fiber and less effective for treating constipation.