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The nurse is teaching a client about diabetes mellitus (type one) and exercise. NWhich statement, if made by the nurse, would be appropriate?
- A. Increasing exercise would increase insulin requirements
- B. Increasing exercise would decrease insulin requirements
- C. Insulin needs do not change with exercise
- D. Decreasing exercise would decrease insulin requirements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, exercise increases glucose uptake by muscles, lowering blood sugar and thus decreasing insulin needs. Increased or decreased exercise adjusts insulin in the opposite direction.
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The nurse has provided education to a client newly prescribed glipizide. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will need to take this medication 30 minutes before a meal.
- B. I can expect to lose weight while taking this medication.
- C. I should not take this medication if I had a procedure involving contrast dye.
- D. This medication may cause me to develop vitamin B12 deficiency.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glipizide, a sulfonylurea, should be taken 30 minutes before meals to enhance insulin secretion during eating. It may cause weight gain, not loss, and is not affected by contrast dye or linked to B12 deficiency.
The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with Cushing's disease. Which of the following client statements requires follow-up?
- A. I will need to eat more potassium-rich foods.
- B. I will need more steroids during periods of stress.
- C. I will be at a higher risk for an infection.
- D. I should do weight-bearing exercises.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing's causes hyperkalemia, so more potassium-rich foods are harmful and need follow-up. Extra steroids for stress, infection risk, and weight-bearing exercises are appropriate.
The nurse is reviewing a client's list of medications who has cystic fibrosis. The nurse anticipates a prescription for which medication?
- A. Pancrelipase
- B. Aspirin
- C. Lactulose
- D. Multivitamin
- E. Clopidogrel
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis impairs pancreatic function, requiring pancrelipase for enzyme replacement and multivitamins to address fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. Aspirin, lactulose, and clopidogrel are not typically indicated.
The nurse is caring for a client who presents with hyperglycemia. Which of the following findings are expected?
- A. Blurred vision
- B. Increased urinary output
- C. Cool and clammy skin
- D. Tachycardia
- E. Orthostatic hypotension
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Hyperglycemia causes blurred vision (osmotic lens changes), increased urination (osmotic diuresis), and tachycardia (dehydration response). Cool, clammy skin is typical of hypoglycemia, and orthostatic hypotension is less specific.
The nurse is preparing a presentation on Cushing's disease. It would be correct if the nurse states that Cushing's disease is caused by
- A. destruction to pancreatic beta cells.
- B. excessive discharge of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- C. decrease in the secretion of androgens and glucocorticoids.
- D. increase in the secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cushing's disease results from excess ACTH from the pituitary, overstimulating cortisol production. Beta cell destruction, TSH, and decreased androgens/glucocorticoids are unrelated.