Nokea
Upon first meeting, a new nurse manager makes eye contact, smiles, initiates conversation about the previous work experience of nurses, and encourages active participation by nurses in the dialogue. Her behavior is an example of:
- A. Aggressiveness.
- B. Passive aggressiveness.
- C. Passiveness.
- D. Assertiveness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Assertiveness.' This nurse manager is demonstrating assertive behavior by confidently engaging with the nurses, showing interest in their work experience, and encouraging active participation. Aggressive behavior is forceful and dominating, while passive behavior is submissive and timid. Passive-aggressive behavior involves indirect manipulation or control, which is not demonstrated in this scenario.
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What is the most common cause of injury from a house fire?
- A. Explosion
- B. Falls from second-story windows
- C. Thermal damage to skin and body surfaces
- D. Inhalation injury
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhalation injury is the most common cause of injury from a house fire. When a fire occurs, the smoke produced contains harmful gases and particles that can be inhaled, leading to serious respiratory issues. This makes inhalation injury the primary concern during a house fire. Choices A, B, and C are less likely to be the primary cause of injury. While explosions may occur in some cases, inhalation of smoke and toxic fumes is generally the most prevalent danger. Falls from windows and thermal damage to the skin are also significant risks but typically occur after inhalation injuries in the sequence of events during a house fire.
All of the following are causes of vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy except:
- A. Placenta previa.
- B. Eclampsia.
- C. Abruptio placentae.
- D. Uterine rupture.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eclampsia. Eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. This condition can cause seizures and/or coma but does not typically present with vaginal bleeding. Choices A, C, and D are abnormal conditions that can cause bleeding, particularly in the third trimester. Placenta previa (choice A) is a condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, leading to vaginal bleeding. Abruptio placentae (choice C) is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing vaginal bleeding. Uterine rupture (choice D) is a serious obstetrical emergency where the uterus tears during pregnancy or childbirth, resulting in severe bleeding.
The nurse should teach parents of small children that the most common type of first-degree burn is:
- A. scalding from hot bath water or spills.
- B. contact with hot surfaces such as stoves and fireplaces.
- C. contact with flammable liquids or gases resulting in flash burns.
- D. sunburn from lack of protection and overexposure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'sunburn from lack of protection and overexposure.' First-degree burns primarily affect the outer layer of the skin and are commonly caused by overexposure to the sun without adequate protection, making it a significant concern for parents of small children. Choices A, B, and C describe other types of burns (scalding, contact with hot surfaces, and contact with flammable substances) that can cause more severe burns beyond the first-degree level. It is crucial for parents to be educated about sun safety measures to prevent sunburns in children.
For which condition might a client's antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level be increased?
- A. diabetes mellitus
- B. diabetes insipidus
- C. hypothyroidism
- D. hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is diabetes insipidus. In this condition, the client's ADH level is increased. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by the inability of the kidneys to conserve water due to either inadequate secretion of ADH (central diabetes insipidus) or the kidneys' inability to respond to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. In diabetes mellitus, ADH levels are typically normal or elevated in response to high blood sugar levels. Hypothyroidism is not directly related to ADH secretion. In hyperthyroidism, ADH levels are usually normal or decreased.
Which of the following medications should be held 24-48 hours prior to an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
- A. Lasix (furosemide)
- B. Cardizem (diltiazem)
- C. Lanoxin (digoxin)
- D. Dilantin (phenytoin)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anticonvulsants like Dilantin should be held 24-48 hours before an EEG to prevent interference with the test results. Medications such as tranquilizers, barbiturates, and other sedatives should also be avoided. Lasix, Cardizem, and Lanoxin do not belong to these categories and are not known to interfere with EEG results.