Nokea
The nurse is teaching a client with peritoneal dialysis how to manage exchanges at home. The nurse should tell the client to notify the doctor immediately if:
- A. The dialysate returns become cloudy in appearance.
- B. The return of the dialysate is slower than usual.
- C. A 'tugging' sensation is noted as the dialysate drains.
- D. A feeling of fullness is felt when the dialysate is instilled.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cloudy dialysate indicates possible peritonitis, a serious infection requiring immediate medical intervention to prevent complications.
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An elderly client is diagnosed with ovarian cancer. She has surgery followed by chemotherapy with a fluorouracil (Adrucil) IV. What should the nurse do if she notices crystals in the IV medication?
- A. Discard the solution and order a new bag
- B. Warm the solution
- C. Continue the infusion and document the finding
- D. Discontinue the medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crystals in IV fluorouracil indicate precipitation; the solution should be discarded to prevent administration errors.
Nurses must be familiar with the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses. The nurse understands that which ethical principle is defined as the nurse's duty to do no harm? Fill in the blank.
- A. Nonmaleficence
- B. Bneficence
- C. autonomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm, a core duty in nursing practice.
The nurse is caring for a first-time mother who is asking how to help her baby sleep through the night as the baby gets older. Which recommendation should the nurse tell the mother?
- A. Rock her to sleep every night until she is in a deep sleep.
- B. Give diphenhydramine 12.5 mg orally to put the baby to sleep.
- C. If she starts waking up a lot in the middle of the night, put her in the bed with you.
- D. Give the last feeding as late as possible, and put her in the bed awake without a bottle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Placing the baby in bed awake after a late feeding promotes self-soothing and healthy sleep habits, unlike the other options, which may create dependencies or safety risks.
A labor and delivery nurse is assessing a newborn baby boy. Which finding would indicate possible microcephaly?
- A. depressed fontanelles during feeding
- B. hypoactivity
- C. head circumference in lowest tenth percentile
- D. absent fontanelles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microcephaly is defined by a head circumference significantly below normal (e.g., lowest 10th percentile), indicating potential brain development issues.
A client is receiving hospice and palliative care, including analgesia and other comfort measures. Which of the following indicates the client is undergoing life review? Select all that apply.
- A. The client looks through old photo albums.
- B. The client states that her analgesia is not adequate.
- C. The client reminisces about her children when they were young and her parenting skills.
- D. The client states that she is ready to die.
- E. The client states she does not want her children to have a funeral for her.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Looking at photos (A) and reminiscing about parenting (C) indicate life review, reflecting on past experiences. Other statements (B, D, E) relate to pain or end-of-life wishes.