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The nurse is teaching a group of women in a community clinic about prevention of osteoporosis. Which of the following over-the-counter medications should the nurse recognize as having the most elemental calcium per tablet?
- A. Calcium chloride
- B. Calcium citrate
- C. Calcium gluconate
- D. Calcium carbonate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate contains 400 mg of elemental calcium in 1 gram of calcium carbonate.
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The client diagnosed with adult-onset asthma is being discharged. Which medication would the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe?
- A. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication.
- B. An antihistamine medication.
- C. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
- D. A proton pump inhibitor.
Correct Answer: None
Rationale: Asthma typically requires bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) or steroids, not listed. None of the options are standard asthma treatments.
The HCP ordered an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for the client diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. Which statement best explains the rationale for administering this medication to this client?
- A. It will help prevent the development of congestive heart failure.
- B. This medication will help decrease the client's blood pressure.
- C. ACE inhibitors increase the contractility of the heart muscle.
- D. They will help decrease the development of atherosclerosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce afterload and prevent ventricular remodeling, lowering CHF risk post-MI, per ACC/AHA guidelines. BP, contractility, or atherosclerosis are secondary.
A client with bi-polar disorder is taking lithium (Lithane). What should the nurse emphasize when teaching about this medication?
- A. Take the medication before meals
- B. Maintain adequate daily salt intake
- C. Reduce fluid intake to minimize diuresis
- D. Use antacids to prevent heartburn
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maintain adequate daily salt intake. Salt intake affects fluid volume, which can affect lithium (Lithane) levels; therefore, maintaining adequate salt intake is advised.
You are caring for a hypertensive client with a new order for captopril (Capoten). Which information should the nurse include in client teaching?
- A. Avoid green leafy vegetables
- B. Restrict fluids to 1000 cc/day
- C. Avoid the use of salt substitutes
- D. Take the medication with meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoid the use of salt substitutes. Captopril can cause an accumulation of potassium or hyperkalemia. Clients should avoid the use of salt substitutes, which are generally potassium-based.
The client is experiencing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Which antidysrhythmic medication should the nurse prepare to administer?
- A. Atropine.
- B. Amiodarone.
- C. Adenosine.
- D. Dobutamine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adenosine is first-line for SVT, rapidly terminating the arrhythmia, per ACLS guidelines. Other drugs are used for different rhythms.