Nokea
The nurse is teaching an HIV-positive client who just delivered an HIV-positive full-term infant. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. The antiviral medicines will cure my baby in about six months.
- B. There is a low risk of my baby transmitting the virus to household members.
- C. I should completely avoid breastfeeding my baby and purchase formula instead.
- D. Pneumonia and herpes simplex are common secondary infections my baby may develop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIV is not curable; antivirals manage but do not eliminate the virus. Other statements are correct regarding transmission, breastfeeding, and infection risks.
You may also like to solve these questions
Two basic but important risk factors for testicular cancer are which of the following?
- A. Race
- B. Age
- C. Marital status
- D. Number of children
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Two basic but important risk factors for testicular cancer are race and age. The incidence of testicular cancer is four times higher among white males than black males. It is the most common type of cancer to occur in males between the ages of 15 and 34 years. Other risk factors include a history of an undescended testis and a family history of testicular cancer. Marital status and the number of children are not risk factors for testicular cancer.
The nurse is assigned to care for a client being admitted with a diagnosis of cirrhosis and ascites. Which dietary measure should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the client?
- A. Sodium restriction
- B. Increased fat intake
- C. Decreased carbohydrates
- D. Calorie restriction of 1500 daily
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If the client has ascites, sodium and possibly fluids would be restricted in the diet. The client should maintain a normal amount of fat intake. The diet should supply sufficient carbohydrates to maintain weight and spare protein. The total daily calories should range between 2000 and 3000 . The diet should provide ample protein to rebuild tissue but not an amount that will precipitate hepatic encephalopathy.
Which of the following situations warrants a measurement for orthostatic hypotension?
- A. A 36-year-old male with a spinal injury
- B. An 86-year-old female with significantly altered mental status
- C. A 58-year-old female with near-syncope
- D. A 41-year-old male with acute deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is a 58-year-old female with near-syncope. Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure of greater than 20 mmHg systolic when moving from a sitting or lying position to standing. Patients at higher risk include those with syncope or near-syncope, symptomatic hypovolemia, and those prone to falls. The other choices are less likely to present with orthostatic hypotension. A spinal injury, altered mental status, and acute deep vein thrombosis are not directly associated with the immediate need for orthostatic hypotension measurement.
The nurse caring for a client in labor should plan to assess the fetal heart rate (FHR) at which specific times? Select all that apply.
- A. Before ambulation
- B. After vaginal examination
- C. After rupture of the membranes
- D. Before turning the client on her side
- E. Before the administration of oxytocin
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Assessment of the mother and fetus is continuous during the process of labor. However, for all clients, the FHR needs to be assessed before ambulation; immediately after vaginal examinations, rupture of the membranes, or any other invasive procedure; and before the administration of oxytocin because these activities or situations can cause alterations in the FHR. The FHR is also assessed in between contractions, during the contraction, and for at least 30 seconds after the contraction. It is not necessary to assess the FHR before turning the client to her side.
The nurse has provided instructions to a client being discharged from the hospital to home after an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) resection. The nurse determines that the client understands the instructions if the client states that which is an appropriate activity?
- A. Mowing the lawn
- B. Playing a game of 18-hole golf
- C. Lifting objects up to 30 pounds
- D. Walking as tolerated, including outdoors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Walking as tolerated is appropriate post-AAA resection, promoting circulation without straining the graft. Mowing, golf, and lifting over 15–20 pounds are prohibited for 6–12 weeks to avoid graft stress.