Nokea
The nurse is teaching basic newborn care to a group of first-time parents. The nurse should explain that a sponge bath is recommended for the first two weeks of life because:
- A. New parents need time to learn how to hold the newborn.
- B. The umbilical cord needs time to separate.
- C. Newborn skin is easily traumatized by washing.
- D. The chance of chilling the newborn outweighs the benefits of bathing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sponge baths are recommended until the umbilical cord separates (typically within 1-2 weeks) to keep the cord dry and prevent infection. The other reasons are not the primary rationale for this practice.
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A child with croup is placed in a cool, high-humidity tent connected to room air. The primary purpose of the high-humidity tent is to:
- A. Prevent insensible water loss
- B. Provide a moist environment with oxygen at 30%
- C. Prevent dehydration and reduce fever
- D. Liquefy secretions and relieve laryngeal spasm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High-humidity tents in croup moisten airways, liquefying secretions and relieving laryngeal spasms, easing breathing. Oxygen levels are not necessarily 30%, and dehydration or fever is secondary.
Which of the following describes the language development of a two-year-old?
- A. Doesn't understand yes and no
- B. Understands the meaning of all words
- C. Can combine three or four words
- D. Repeatedly asks 'why?'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A two-year-old typically can combine three or four words to form simple sentences (e.g., 'Me want milk'). They understand basic concepts like 'yes' and 'no,' but not all words. Repeatedly asking 'why?' is more common in older preschoolers.
A 16-year-old client with anorexia nervosa is on an inpatient psychiatric unit. She has a fear of gaining weight and is refusing to eat sufficient amounts to maintain body weight for her age, height, and stature. To assist with the problem of powerlessness and plan for the client to no longer need to withhold food to feel in control, the nurse uses the following strategy:
- A. Establish a structured environment with routine tasks and activities. Also, serve meals at the same time each day.
- B. Distract the client during meals to get her to eat because she must take in sufficient amounts to keep from starving.
- C. Do frequent room checks to be sure that the client is not hiding food or throwing it away.
- D. Listen attentively and participate in in-depth discussions about food, because these actions may encourage her to eat.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anorexia nervosa clients feel out of control. Providing a structured environment offers safety and comfort and can help them to develop internal control, thus reducing their need to control by self-starvation. Distraction does not focus on the client's need for control. Doing frequent room checks reinforces feelings of powerlessness and the need to continue with the dysfunctional behavior. Participating in long discussions about food does not make the client want to eat, but rather this strategy allows her to indulge in her preoccupation and to continue with the dysfunctional behavior.
Which of the following menu choices would indicate that a client with pressure ulcers understands the role diet plays in restoring her albumin levels?
- A. Broiled fish with rice
- B. Bran flakes with fresh peaches
- C. Lasagna with garlic bread
- D. Cauliflower and lettuce salad
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Broiled fish and rice are excellent protein sources, aiding in restoring albumin levels for tissue repair. The other options are lower in protein.
A client with a history of atrial fibrillation is receiving warfarin (Coumadin). Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely?
- A. Platelet count
- B. Prothrombin time (PT/INR)
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Serum potassium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin affects clotting, requiring monitoring of PT/INR to ensure therapeutic anticoagulation. Platelets (A), hemoglobin (C), and potassium (D) are not directly affected.