Nokea
The nurse is teaching parents about appropriate pacifier selection. Which characteristics should the pacifier have? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Easily grasped handle
- B. One-piece construction
- C. Ribbon or string to secure to clothing
- D. Soft, pliable material
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B. One-piece construction: It is important for the pacifier to have a one-piece construction to prevent any choking hazards. Pacifiers that have multiple parts can break apart and pose a risk to the infant.
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The nurse is teaching the parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD who has been prescribed methylphenidate (Ritalin). Which should the nurse include in teaching about the side effects of methylphenidate?
- A. "Your child may experience a sense of nervousness."
- B. "You may see an increase in your child's appetite."
- C. "Your child may experience daytime sleepiness."
- D. "You may see a decrease in your child's blood pressure."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a stimulant medication commonly used in the treatment of ADHD. One of the possible side effects of methylphenidate is an increase in nervousness or jitteriness. This side effect is more common at the beginning of treatment or when the dosage is increased. It is important for parents to be aware of this potential side effect and to inform the healthcare provider if it becomes bothersome for the child. Other common side effects of methylphenidate may include decreased appetite, insomnia, and stomach upset.
An infant with gastroschisis is MORE likely than one with an omphalocele to have which of the following conditions?
- A. Congenital heart disease
- B. History of prematurity
- C. Imperforate anus
- D. N/A
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infants with gastroschisis are more likely to have a history of prematurity compared to those with omphalocele, though neither condition is strongly associated with congenital heart disease or imperforate anus.
A client agreed to become an organ donor is pronounced dead. What is the most important factor in selecting a transplant recipient?
- A. Blood relationship
- B. Compatible blood and tissue types
- C. Sex and size
- D. Need
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most important factor in selecting a transplant recipient for an organ that has been donated by a deceased donor is ensuring compatibility in terms of blood and tissue types. Matching these factors between the donor and recipient minimizes the risk of rejection and increases the likelihood of a successful transplant. Compatibility ensures that the recipient's body is less likely to identify the transplanted organ as foreign and mount an immune response against it. Blood relationship, sex, and size are important factors to consider but they are secondary to compatibility in terms of blood and tissue types when it comes to organ transplantation. Ultimately, the goal is to have the best chance of a successful transplant by ensuring a good match between the donor organ and the recipient.
Early this morning a client had a subtotal thyroidectomy. During evening rounds, the nurse assesses the client, who has now nausea, a temperature of 105F (40.5C), tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. What is the most likely cause of these signs?
- A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Thyroid crisis
- D. Tetany
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The signs and symptoms described - nausea, elevated temperature, tachycardia, and extreme restlessness - are indicative of a thyroid crisis, also known as thyroid storm. A thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition that can occur after thyroid surgery such as a subtotal thyroidectomy. It is characterized by an exaggerated state of hyperthyroidism, leading to a surge of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream. This can result in severe symptoms such as high fever, tachycardia, nausea, agitation, and even confusion or delirium.
Older school-age children who begin to participate in competitive sports should have a careful evaluation of the
- A. vision
- B. hearing
- C. sexual maturity
- D. cardiovascular system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiovascular evaluation is important for children participating in competitive sports.