Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions

Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Related

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The nurse is teaching parents about signs of digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity. Which is a common sign of digoxin toxicity?

  • A. Seizures
  • B. Vomiting
  • C. Bradypnea
  • D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tachycardia, which is an abnormally fast heart rate, is a common sign of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning there is a narrow range between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose. Symptoms of digoxin toxicity can manifest in the cardiovascular system, such as tachycardia, as well as in other systems of the body. Tachycardia is often seen in cases of digoxin toxicity due to its effects on the heart's electrical conduction system. Other common signs of digoxin toxicity include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, confusion, and arrhythmias. It is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor patients receiving digoxin closely and educate them about the signs and symptoms of toxicity to prevent adverse outcomes.

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Which is the most common cause of anemia in preterm newborns?

  • A. Frequent blood sampling
  • B. Respiratory distress syndrome
  • C. Meconium aspiration syndrome
  • D. Persistent pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most common cause of anemia in preterm newborns is frequent blood sampling. Preterm infants are often subject to numerous blood tests for various reasons such as monitoring oxygen and blood gas levels, assessing bilirubin levels, infection screening, and more. These repeated blood withdrawals lead to a loss of red blood cells and can contribute to the development of anemia in preterm infants. Anemia in preterm newborns can have significant consequences, including impaired growth and development, delayed hospital discharge, and the potential need for blood transfusions. Therefore, minimizing unnecessary blood sampling and utilizing non-invasive monitoring methods whenever possible are key strategies in preventing and managing anemia in preterm newborns.

The nurse is caring for a patient on warfarin with an elevated INR level. Which of the ff. would be ordered as the antidote for warfarin?

  • A. Vitamin K c.Calcium Chloride
  • B. Vitamin B12
  • C. Protamine Sulfate
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the production of certain clotting factors in the liver, thus prolonging the time it takes for blood to clot. An elevated INR level indicates that the blood is taking longer to clot than desired, potentially putting the patient at risk for bleeding. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin because it helps the liver produce these clotting factors, ultimately reversing the effects of warfarin and promoting normal blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K helps lower the INR level and reduce the risk of bleeding in patients on warfarin therapy. Therefore, in this scenario, Vitamin K would be the appropriate antidote to use for the patient with an elevated INR level.

A 2-year-old male child has an asymptomatic right flank mass discovered incidentally by the mother while bathing. Suspicion of Wilms tumor is raised. Of the following, the LEAST likely investigation to be performed in this child is

  • A. plain abdominal radiography
  • B. computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen
  • C. CT scan of the chest
  • D. biopsy of the mass
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Biopsy is generally avoided in suspected Wilms tumor to prevent upstaging the disease.

Which is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation?

  • A. Infection
  • B. Rejection
  • C. Cardiomyopathy
  • D. Heart failure
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Infection is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation. Following transplantation, patients are at a higher risk of infections due to the immunosuppressive medications they must take to prevent organ rejection. These medications suppress the immune system's responses, leaving the patient susceptible to various infections such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, these infections can lead to serious complications and even death in heart transplant recipients. Therefore, the careful monitoring and management of infections are crucial in post-transplant care to improve outcomes and prevent mortality.

Autism screening is recommended for all children at age of

  • A. 12 to 18 months
  • B. 18 to 24 months
  • C. 24 to 36 months
  • D. 36 to 48 months
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Autism screening is recommended between 18 and 24 months.

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