Nokea
The nurse is teaching the client diagnosed with diabetes. Which should the nurse teach to limit the complications of diabetes?
- A. Teach the client to keep the blood glucose under 140 mg/dL.
- B. Demonstrate how to test the urine for ketones.
- C. Instruct the client to apply petroleum jelly between the toes.
- D. Allow the client to eat meals as desired and then take insulin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining blood glucose <140 mg/dL prevents complications like neuropathy and retinopathy. Ketone testing is for type 1, petroleum jelly is incorrect, and meal-based insulin is unsafe.
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The nurse is providing an in-service on thyroid disorders. One of the attendees asks the nurse, 'Why don't the people in the United States get goiters as often?' Which statement by the nurse is the best response?
- A. It is because of the screening techniques used in the United States.
- B. It is a genetic predisposition rare in North Americans.
- C. The medications available in the United States decrease goiters.
- D. Iodized salt helps prevent the development of goiters in the United States.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iodized salt provides dietary iodine, preventing iodine deficiency goiters common elsewhere. Screening, genetics, and medications are not primary reasons.
After the client returns from surgery and resumes eating, the nurse should encourage the client to eat foods from which food group?
- A. Bread and cereals
- B. Milk and cheese
- C. Meat and seafood
- D. Fruit and vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Milk and cheese are rich in calcium, essential for clients post-parathyroidectomy to prevent hypocalcemia.
The home health nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with cancer of the pancreas. Which information is the most important for the nurse to discuss with the client?
- A. Determine the client's food preferences.
- B. Ask the client if there is an advance directive.
- C. Find out about insurance/Medicare reimbursement.
- D. Explain the client should eat as much as possible.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An advance directive is critical for pancreatic cancer due to poor prognosis, ensuring the client’s wishes are respected. Food preferences, insurance, and eating are secondary.
Which problem is most likely to develop if hyperthyroidism remains untreated?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Respiratory acidosis
- C. Cerebro vascular accident
- D. Heart failure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Untreated hyperthyroidism causes severe tachycardia, which can lead to heart failure due to increased cardiac workload.
The nurse is preparing to care for the stable client with Addison's disease. Which skin appearance should the nurse expect when performing an assessment?
- A. Very white, dry, and scaly
- B. Bronzed and suntanned hue
- C. Diaphoretic and cyanotic
- D. Puffy and butterfly-like rash
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should expect a bronzed, suntanned hue due to increased melanocyte-stimulating hormone in Addison's disease.