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The nurse is teaching the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client diagnosed with essential hypertension. Which statement indicates that the client understands teaching concerning the DASH diet?
- A. I should eat at least four (4) to five (5) servings of vegetables a day.'
- B. I should eat meat that has a lot of white streaks in it.'
- C. I should drink no more than two (2) glasses of whole milk a day.'
- D. I should decrease my grain intake to no more than twice a week.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The DASH diet emphasizes 4–5 servings of vegetables daily (A) to lower BP. Marbled meat (B) is high-fat, whole milk (C) is limited, and grains (D) are encouraged (6–8 servings daily).
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The nurse is preparing a client for cardioversion. Which instruction is most important?
- A. You will be awake during the procedure.
- B. You must not eat for 4 hours after.
- C. You will receive sedation before the procedure.
- D. You can resume normal activity immediately.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sedation is used during cardioversion to ensure comfort and amnesia during the procedure.
The client with an arterial disorder reports cold feet. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Apply warm blankets to the feet.
- B. Check the pedal pulses bilaterally.
- C. Elevate the feet above heart level.
- D. Massage the feet to improve circulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Checking pedal pulses assesses arterial perfusion, which is critical in determining the cause of cold feet in arterial disorders.
Which assessment finding indicates a worsening condition in a client with valvular heart disease? Select all that apply.
- A. Shortness of breath at rest
- B. Weight gain of 4 pounds in 3 days
- C. Fatigue with minimal activity
- D. Blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg
- E. Bilateral crackles in lungs
- F. Heart rate of 80 beats per minute
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Shortness of breath, weight gain, fatigue, and crackles indicate worsening heart failure due to valvular dysfunction.
The client with aortic stenosis asks why they feel tired. What is the best response?
- A. Your heart is not pumping enough blood.
- B. Your lungs are retaining fluid.
- C. Your blood pressure is too high.
- D. Your heart rate is too slow.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aortic stenosis restricts blood flow from the heart, reducing cardiac output and causing fatigue.
The client with heart failure reports fatigue. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Encourage bedrest all day.
- B. Assess oxygen saturation.
- C. Administer a diuretic.
- D. Increase fluid intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue in heart failure may indicate hypoxemia, so assessing oxygen saturation is the priority.