Nokea
The nurse is to administer epinephrine 0.5 mg subcutaneously. The ampule contains 1 mL of medication and is labeled 1 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters of epinephrine the nurse will give.
Correct Answer: 0.5 mL
Rationale: 1 mg : 1 mL :: 0.5 mg : x mL; (1 * x) = (1 * 0.5); x = 0.5 mL.
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When a patient is taking an adrenergic agonist drug, the nurse expects to observe which effect?
- A. Decreased heart rate
- B. Bronchodilation
- C. Constricted pupils
- D. Increased intestinal peristalsis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased heart rate is one of the effects of adrenergic drugs. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation also results in bronchodilation, dilated pupils, and decreased gastrointestinal motility, depending upon which receptors are stimulated.
A hospitalized patient is experiencing a severe anaphylactic reaction to a dose of intravenous penicillin. Which drug will the nurse expect to use to treat this condition?
- A. Ephedra
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Phenylephrine
- D. Pseudoephedrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epinephrine is the drug of choice for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The other drugs listed are incorrect choices.
A 14-year-old patient has been treated for asthma for almost 4 months. Two weeks ago, she was given salmeterol as part of her medication regimen. However, her mother has called the clinic to report that it does not seem to work when her daughter is having an asthma attack. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. It takes time for a therapeutic response to develop.
- B. She is too young for this particular medication; it will be changed.
- C. She needs to take up to two puffs every 4 hours to ensure adequate blood levels.
- D. This medication is indicated for prevention of bronchospasms, not for relief of acute symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salmeterol is indicated for the prevention of bronchospasms, not treatment of acute symptoms. The dosage is usually two puffs twice daily, 12 hours apart, for maintenance effects in patients older than 12 years of age. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse recognizes that adrenergic drugs cause relaxation of the bronchi and bronchodilation by stimulating which type of receptors?
- A. Dopaminergic
- B. Beta1 adrenergic
- C. Beta2 adrenergic
- D. Alpha1 adrenergic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stimulation of beta2 adrenergic receptors results in bronchodilation. The other choices are incorrect.
When an adrenergic drug stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, the result is an increased heart rate, which is known as what type of effect?
- A. Positive inotropic
- B. Antiadrenergic
- C. Positive chronotropic
- D. Positive dromotropic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A positive chronotropic effect is an increased heart rate. An increased force of contraction is known as a positive inotropic effect. Positive dromotropic effect is an increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical nerve impulses through the atrioventricular node.