Nokea
The nurse knows which of the following is the most common problem for a client with valvular heart disease?
- A. Altered body image
- B. Difficulty coping
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Decreased cardiac output
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Valvular disease stenosis or regurgitation slashes flow; decreased cardiac output reigns as pump falters, driving fatigue and dyspnea, the top issue. Body image or coping lag; bradycardia's rare. Nurses peg output drop, targeting meds or surgery, a core fight in this valve-wrecked heart.
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the vascular walls to endothelial injury. During the progression of these lesions, interaction occurs between various factors. Question: Which cells do NOT play a role in this process?
- A. Epithelial cells
- B. Lipoproteins
- C. Macrophages
- D. T-lymphocytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis macrophages, T-cells, lipoproteins clog, not epithelial outsiders. Nurses track this, a chronic vessel crew.
The nurse should suggest which food choice when providing dietary teaching for a patient scheduled to receive external-beam radiation for abdominal cancer?
- A. Fruit salad
- B. Baked chicken
- C. Creamed broccoli
- D. Toasted wheat bread
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal radiation zaps the gut, sparking diarrhea from irritated bowels baked chicken's lean protein fuels healing without roughage to rile things up. Fruit salad's fiber and whole-grain toast's bulk worsen diarrhea; dairy in creamed broccoli risks lactose issues post-radiation. Nurses steer patients here to low-residue diets, dodging raw fruits and grains that scrape an already tender GI tract. In oncology, it's about balancing nutrition with symptom control chicken keeps strength up without the bowel chaos, key for tolerating treatment.
Inhaled medications, such as bronchodilators and glucocorticoids are the main medication treatment methods for COPD. What is the biggest reason for ineffective outcomes?
- A. Patient compliance with dose prescription
- B. Incorrect use of the device
- C. Incorrect prescribing
- D. Reduced drug inhalation due to respiratory disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: COPD inhalers flop most when puffed wrong technique, not timing, trumps compliance, bad scripts, or weak lungs. Spacers, shaky hands nurses fix this, a chronic breath's weak link.
You measure the abdominal circumference and the hip circumference of a male patient with hypertension, overweight and recently-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Question: Which values are most likely to be found in this patient?
- A. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 78 cm
- B. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 86 cm
- C. Abdomen: 102 cm, hip: 90 cm
- D. Abdomen: 90 cm, hip: 102 cm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 2, hypertension, overweight belly bulges past hips, 102 cm to 90 cm fits metabolic syndrome's apple shape, not slim or reverse. Nurses measure this, a chronic girth clue.
Which atypical pneumonia can be vaccinated against?
- A. coxiella burnetii
- B. mycoplasma pneumoniae
- C. chlamydia pneumoniae
- D. legionella
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxiella Q fever has a vaccine, not mycoplasma, chlamydia duo, or legionella. Nurses jab this chronic farm bug shield.