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What is the recommended method of pain relief during labor for a woman with a low-risk pregnancy?
- A. Epidural anesthesia
- B. Spinal anesthesia
- C. Nitrous oxide inhalation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nitrous oxide inhalation. This is recommended for low-risk pregnancies because it provides pain relief without affecting the baby's heart rate or the progress of labor. It is self-administered by the woman, allowing for control over the dosage. Epidural and spinal anesthesia carry potential risks and may interfere with the natural process of labor. Choosing "All of the above" (D) is incorrect as epidural and spinal anesthesia are not recommended for low-risk pregnancies due to their potential side effects.
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A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will eat foods that taste good instead of balancing my meals.
- B. I will avoid having a snack before I go to bed each night.
- C. I will have a cup of hot tea with each meal.
- D. I will eliminate products that contain dairy from my diet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I will eliminate products that contain dairy from my diet." This is the correct choice because dairy products can worsen symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum due to their high fat content, which can be difficult to digest. Eliminating dairy can help reduce nausea and vomiting.
Choice A is incorrect because focusing only on taste and not on balanced nutrition can worsen the condition. Choice B is incorrect as having a small snack before bed can actually help prevent nausea in the morning. Choice C is incorrect because hot tea may worsen nausea in some individuals.
A nurse is caring for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum and is receiving IV fluid replacement. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Blood pressure 105/64 mm Hg.
- B. Heart rate 98/min.
- C. Urine output of 280 mL within 8 hr.
- D. Urine negative for ketones.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A urine output of 280 mL within 8 hours is low and may indicate dehydration, which is a concern in a client with hyperemesis gravidarum.
What is the recommended method of feeding for a term infant?
- A. Breastfeeding
- B. Formula feeding
- C. Bottle feeding with breast milk
- D. Parenteral nutrition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Breastfeeding is the recommended method for a term infant due to its numerous benefits, such as providing essential nutrients, antibodies, and promoting bonding. Breast milk is easily digestible and tailored to the baby's needs, reducing the risk of infections and allergies. It also supports the infant's optimal growth and development. Formula feeding, while a valid alternative, lacks the same level of antibodies and nutrients found in breast milk. Bottle feeding with breast milk is a suitable option if direct breastfeeding is not possible. Parenteral nutrition, on the other hand, is an intravenous method used for infants with specific medical needs and is not the recommended standard method of feeding for healthy term infants.
A nurse is assessing a client who gave birth vaginally 12 hr ago and palpates their uterus to the right above the umbilicus. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform?
- A. Reassess the client in 2 hr.
- B. Administer simethicone.
- C. Assist the client to empty their bladder.
- D. Instruct the client to lie on their right side.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assist the client to empty their bladder. This is the correct intervention because a uterus palpable to the right above the umbilicus indicates a full bladder causing displacement of the uterus. Emptying the bladder will allow the uterus to return to the midline. Choice A is incorrect as the immediate issue is a full bladder, not requiring a wait of 2 hours. Choice B (administer simethicone) is incorrect as this medication is for gas relief and not relevant in this scenario. Choice D (instruct the client to lie on their right side) is incorrect as it does not address the underlying problem of a full bladder.
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of the ovarian follicles?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Progesterone
- C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles by promoting the production of estrogen in the ovaries. It helps in the maturation of the follicles and ultimately leads to ovulation. Estrogen (A) and Progesterone (B) are hormones produced by the ovaries but do not directly stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles. Luteinizing hormone (LH) (D) is responsible for triggering ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum, not for the growth and development of ovarian follicles.