Nokea
The nurse must include in the education plan, which of the following components? (Select all that apply.) I. Objectives II. Content and time allotment III. Teaching and learning resources IV. Evaluation parameters
- A. II, III, and IV
- B. I, II, III and IV
- C. I, III, and IV
- D. I, II, and III
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In order to create a comprehensive education plan, the nurse must include all of the listed components.
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If Nurse Tarly and her core group decide to formulate a directional hypothesis it will be ________.
- A. There is an increase relationship between the caring staff nurses and degree of satisfaction of ostomized patients.
- B. The caring behaviors of the staff nurses is related to increased satisfaction of ostomized patients.
- C. The staff nurses' behaviors have an effect on the patient's satisfaction with osomized patients.
- D. A significant relationship exists between the caring behaviors of the staff-nurses and degree of satisfaction of ostomized patients.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A directional hypothesis predicts the direction of the relationship between variables. In this case, the statement "A significant relationship exists between the caring behaviors of the staff-nurses and degree of satisfaction of ostomized patients" clearly indicates the direction of the expected relationship. This hypothesis suggests that there will be a positive or negative relationship between the caring behaviors of staff nurses and the satisfaction of ostomized patients. The terms "significant relationship" and "degree of satisfaction" indicate that the hypothesis is specific and measurable, making it suitable for testing through research methods.
A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to initiate RRT?
- A. Insertion of a temporary hemodialysis catheter.
- B. Placement of a peritoneal dialysis catheter.
- C. Initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).
- D. Administration of loop diuretics to enhance urine output.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a critically ill patient admitted to the ICU with acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), the healthcare team should prioritize the initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). CRRT is preferred in critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability as it allows for slow and continuous removal of solutes and fluids, making it a safer option compared to intermittent hemodialysis. CRRT can also provide better control of volume status and electrolyte imbalances over a longer period, which is beneficial in critically ill patients who are hemodynamically unstable. Peritoneal dialysis is not commonly used in the ICU setting for acute renal failure requiring RRT, and loop diuretics are not effective in treating acute renal failure. Temporary hemodialysis catheters may also be used, but CRRT is generally preferred in critically ill patients for better hemodynamic tolerance and control of solute and fluid removal.
A pregnant woman presents with severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding at 8 weeks gestation. On examination, the cervix is closed. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Threatened abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Gestational trophoblastic disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a pregnant woman presenting with severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding at 8 weeks gestation with a closed cervix, the most likely cause of these symptoms is a threatened abortion. A threatened abortion is a common complication of early pregnancy characterized by vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain without cervical dilation. The cervix remains closed, indicating that the pregnancy is still intact but at risk of potential miscarriage. Placenta previa typically presents with painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester, whereas ectopic pregnancy usually presents with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in the setting of a closed cervix but is less likely at 8 weeks gestation. Gestational trophoblastic disease is a rare cause of vaginal bleeding in pregnancy and typically presents in the first trimester with signs of hyperemesis gravidarum, uterine enlargement, and elevated β-hCG levels.
On the first postpartum day, a primiparous patient complains of perineal pain that was unrelieved by Ibuprofen 400 mg given two hours ago. Nurse Kayla should assess for which of the following?
- A. Vaginal laceration
- B. History of Drug Abuse
- C. Perineal hematoma
- D. Puerperal infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a primiparous patient who complains of unrelieved perineal pain on the first postpartum day, Nurse Kayla should assess for a perineal hematoma. A perineal hematoma is a collection of blood in the perineal tissues and can cause significant pain and discomfort. It can be a result of trauma during delivery or due to a blood vessel rupture. This condition requires prompt assessment and intervention to prevent complications such as infection or excessive bleeding. Vaginal laceration would typically be identified during the delivery process and would have been repaired by the healthcare provider. History of drug abuse, while important to know for overall patient care, is not as relevant in this immediate postpartum pain assessment. Puerperal infection usually presents with other signs such as fever, foul-smelling discharge, and uterine tenderness, which are not mentioned in this scenario.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of quality improvement that the medical director is interested in?
- A. The leader is the empowerer
- B. Problem-solving is by everyone
- C. The employees are treated as customers
- D. Reacts to correct or bad situation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Quality improvement focuses on proactive measures rather than reactive responses. The medical director would be more interested in establishing processes and systems that prevent issues from occurring in the first place, rather than just reacting to problems as they arise. Continuous improvement involves identifying problems, analyzing root causes, and implementing long-term solutions to prevent the issues from recurring. Therefore, reacting to correct or bad situations is not a characteristic of quality improvement that the medical director would prioritize.