Nokea
The nurse notes that a child has lost 3.6 kg (8 lb) after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this weight loss?
- A. Poor appetite
- B. Reduction of edema
- C. Restriction to bed rest
- D. Increased potassium intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The weight loss is most likely due to the reduction of edema, as glomerulonephritis often causes fluid retention that resolves with treatment, leading to significant weight loss.
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A 12-year-old child is injured in a bicycle accident. When considering the possibility of renal trauma, the nurse should consider what factor?
- A. Flank pain rarely occurs in children with renal injuries.
- B. Few nonpenetrating injuries cause renal trauma in children.
- C. Kidneys are immobile, well protected, and rarely injured in children.
- D. The amount of hematuria is not a reliable indicator of the seriousness of renal injury.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The amount of hematuria is not a reliable indicator of the severity of renal trauma, as even minor injuries can cause significant bleeding, while severe injuries may result in little or no visible blood. Renal trauma should be evaluated through imaging and clinical assessment.
What name is given to inflammation of the bladder?
- A. Cystitis
- B. Urethritis
- C. Urosepsis
- D. Bacteriuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, urosepsis to a systemic infection stemming from the urinary tract, and bacteriuria to the presence of bacteria in the urine.
What nursing consideration is most important when caring for a child with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
- A. Children with ESRD usually adapt well to minor inconveniences of treatment.
- B. Children with ESRD require extensive support until they outgrow the condition.
- C. Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families until the illness is cured.
- D. Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families because children's lives are maintained by drugs and artificial means.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ESRD places significant stress on both the child and the family due to the ongoing need for dialysis, medications, and lifestyle restrictions, making it important for healthcare providers to offer extensive support and resources to manage these challenges.
The nurse is caring for a child with a urinary tract infection who is on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). What side effects of this medication should the nurse teach to the parents and the child? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Rash
- B. Urticaria
- C. All are applicable
- D. Photosensitivity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) can cause side effects like rash, urticaria, and photosensitivity. Parents and the child should be educated on these potential side effects to ensure prompt recognition and management.
What is the most appropriate nursing action when intermittently gavage feeding a preterm infant?
- A. Allow formula to flow by gravity
- B. Avoid allowing the infant to suck on the tube
- C. Insert the tube through the nares instead of the mouth
- D. Apply gentle pressure to the syringe to deliver the formula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action when intermittently gavage feeding a preterm infant is to allow the formula to flow by gravity. This method helps prevent overfeeding and aspiration, which can occur if the formula is delivered too quickly under pressure. Choice B is incorrect as sucking on the tube can cause complications. Choice C is incorrect as the tube is typically inserted through the mouth. Choice D is incorrect as steady pressure can lead to rapid delivery of the formula, increasing the risk of complications.