Nokea
The nurse notes that a patient is not able to voluntarily move the right arm. Which part of the brain should the nurse suspect is affected in this patient?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Frontal lobe
- C. Parietal lobe
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The frontal lobes contain the motor areas that generate the impulses that bring about voluntary movement. Each motor area controls movement on the opposite side of the body. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance, while the parietal lobe processes sensory information. The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions and is not directly involved in voluntary movement.
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The action potential is measured in millivolts (mV) and is ranged from:
- A. -90mV to +20mV
- B. -70mV to +30mV
- C. -65mV to +40mV
- D. -30mV to +60mV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The action potential involves a rapid change in membrane potential, typically ranging from -65mV (resting potential) to +40mV (peak depolarization). This change is driven by the influx of sodium ions and the subsequent efflux of potassium ions. The action potential is a key mechanism for transmitting information within the nervous system, enabling neurons to communicate over long distances.
Vasodilators produced by the endothelium include:
- A. endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)
- B. nitric oxide (NO)
- C. prostacyclin (PGL2)
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The endothelium produces vasodilators such as EDRF (which includes NO) and prostacyclin (PGL2). These substances help regulate vascular tone and blood flow.
A 49-year-old patient is diagnosed with Huntington's disease. He thought he saw symptoms of the disease in his 15-year-old son. What is the best response?
- A. Your son probably has the early symptoms of the disease.
- B. Huntington's disease is genetically transmitted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Huntington's disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning there is a 50% chance the child will inherit it if one parent has the condition.
One of the most common features of neurological disorders are Language deficits and are collectively known as
- A. Dysphasias
- B. Alogias
- C. Anomias
- D. Aphasias
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from damage to the brain's language centers, typically in the left hemisphere. It affects the ability to produce or comprehend speech, read, or write. Aphasia can manifest in various forms, such as Broca's aphasia (difficulty speaking) or Wernicke's aphasia (difficulty understanding language). These deficits are common in neurological disorders like stroke, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative diseases.
Nervous System consists of:
- A. Brain
- B. Spinal Cord
- C. Nerves
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nervous system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, which work together to control and coordinate the body's activities. The brain processes information, the spinal cord transmits signals, and the nerves connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, making 'All the above' the correct answer.