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The nurse notices that the patient has a solid, elevated, circumscribed lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter. When documenting this finding, the nurse would report this as a:
- A. Bulla.
- B. Wheal.
- C. Nodule.
- D. Papule.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Papule. A papule is a solid, elevated lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter. It is circumscribed, meaning it has well-defined borders. Papules are often associated with skin conditions like acne or insect bites.
A: Bulla is a large fluid-filled blister, not a solid lesion.
B: Wheal is a raised, red area of skin that is typically transient and caused by an allergic reaction.
C: Nodule is a solid, elevated lesion that is greater than 1 cm in diameter, not less than 1 cm.
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A 90-year-old patient tells the nurse that he is unable to remember the names of the medications he is taking or what they are for. An appropriate response would be:
- A. "Can you tell me what they look like?"
- B. "Don't worry about it. You are only taking two."
- C. "How long have you been taking each of these pills?"
- D. "Would you ask your family to bring in your medications?"
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient's family to bring in the medications will ensure accurate identification and understanding of the medications. This step is crucial in ensuring the patient's safety and well-being. Choice A is incorrect as appearance alone may not provide accurate information. Choice B is dismissive and does not address the issue. Choice C focuses on duration rather than addressing the immediate concern of medication identification.
A nurse preparing to conduct a prenatal class is aware that which of the following groups is at highest risk for infant mortality?
- A. European Canadians
- B. Asian Canadians
- C. African Canadians
- D. First Nations people
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: First Nations people. First Nations people in Canada have historically faced systemic barriers to healthcare, leading to higher rates of infant mortality compared to other groups. This includes socio-economic factors, access to quality healthcare, and cultural differences impacting healthcare practices. European Canadians, Asian Canadians, and African Canadians do not face the same level of disparities and risk factors contributing to infant mortality rates as First Nations people. It is essential for healthcare providers to understand these disparities to address the health needs of First Nations communities effectively.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?
- A. Hyperkalemia.
- B. Hypokalemia.
- C. Hyperglycemia.
- D. Hypercalcemia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. In CKD, kidneys struggle to excrete potassium, leading to its accumulation in the blood. This can result in dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. Hypokalemia (B) is unlikely in CKD due to impaired potassium excretion. Hyperglycemia (C) is more commonly associated with diabetes rather than CKD. Hypercalcemia (D) is not a typical complication of CKD; instead, patients with CKD often experience low calcium levels.
A 75-year-old woman is at the clinic for a preoperative interview. The nurse is aware that the interview with her may take longer than interviews with younger persons. What is the reason for this?
- A. An older adult has a longer story to tell.
- B. An older adult is usually lonely and likes to have someone to talk to.
- C. Older adults lose much of their mental abilities and require more time to complete an interview.
- D. As a person ages, he or she is unable to hear well, so interviewers usually need to frequently repeat what they say.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because as people age, they accumulate more life experiences, medical history, and details to share. This can lead to longer conversations during interviews. Choice B is incorrect as not all older adults are lonely and seek conversation. Choice C is incorrect because aging does not necessarily equate to a loss of mental abilities. Choice D is incorrect as hearing loss is not a universal issue among older adults and does not significantly impact the length of interviews.
Canada's population as a whole is aging, and for the first time in Canadian history, which age group has exceeded that of people aged 15 to 24?
- A. Under 15 years of age
- B. 35"“44 years
- C. 55"“64 years
- D. Over 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 55-64 years. This age group has exceeded that of people aged 15-24 due to factors like increased life expectancy, lower birth rates, and the aging baby boomer population. This demographic shift impacts workforce, healthcare, and social services. Choice A is incorrect as it represents the youngest age group. Choice B is incorrect as it falls within the working-age group. Choice D is incorrect as it represents the elderly population, which is still lower than the 55-64 age group in this context.